You Aren't You When You're Hungry
This word describes all of the chemical processes of the cell
What is metabolism?
This quantity measures the disorder or randomness within a system
What is entropy?
Enzymes speed up the cell's chcimal processes without being consumed by them. It does this by lowering this of the reaction, which all reactions must overcome to happen
What is activation energy?
Walter White's former profession involved teaching this science, which studies matter, its properties, and how substances interact. His background in this gave him a huge benefit over the competition of his later work.
What is chemistry
This is the full name of DNA
What is deoxyribonucleic acid?
This simple sugar is the primary fuel molecule for cells
What is glucose?
You eat a cheeseburger, and your cells eventually use its chemical energy to make ATP. The energy stored in the bonds of the food is an example of this type of energy
What is chemical potential energy?
Heating an enzyme too much can cause this process, in which its three-dimensional structure is disrupted and it loses function
What is denaturation?
Gus Fring runs an immaculate operation, but even Los Pollos Hermanos can't escape this law stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
What is the law of conservation of mass
You eat a steak. The protein in that steak is ultimately broken down into these molecules, which can be reused to build your own proteins
What are amino acids?
A student claims that mitochondria “make energy.” A more scientifically accurate statement is that mitochondria convert energy from nutrients into this cellular energy currency
What is ATP?
A reaction that releases heat into its surroundings gets this name, derived from Greek words meaning “heat outward”
What is exothermic?
This model improves on the lock-and-key idea by proposing that an enzyme changes shape slightly when its substrate binds
What is the induced-fit model?
The blue color associated with Walt's product is not a reliable indicator of this chemical property, which describes how acidic or basic a solution is
What is pH?
The eukaryotic cell contains membrane bound organelles unlike bacterial cells. Evolutionists theorize that the double membraned mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free living bacteria that were engulfed to become an organelle of eukaryotes. This is the name of that theory.
What is endosymbiotic theory?
You sprint to the fridge because you're starving. Your muscles need ATP faster than aerobic respiration can provide it, so they temporarily rely on this process to regenerate NAD⁺
What is fermentation?
This word can refer to the process in which energy from an exergonic reaction is used to power an endergonic reaction and it sounds a lot like a term that could be used to refer to the beginning of a new relationship
What is coupling?
This is what biologists use to quantify the amount of available energy of a reaction. A negative value indicates that the reaction will happen spontaneously and a positive value indicates that it will require energy
What is free energy (G)
Walter tells Jesse that this element, with atomic number 6, is the backbone of organic chemistry—and also happens to be central to life on Earth
What is Carbon?
This hormone lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular glucose uptake
What is insulin?
A molecule of glucose contains lots of chemical energy, but glycolysis captures only some of it in ATP and NADH. Much of the remaining energy is still stored in these molecules produced from glucose
What are pyruvate molecules?
This is the first step of cellular respiration where glucose molecules are converted to pyruvate and produces some ATP and NADH
What is glycolysis?
A cell needs an enzyme to function, but the enzyme won't work by itself. A small non-protein molecule binds to it and allows it to function properly. This helper is called this.
What is a cofactor or coenzyme?
The “breaking” in Breaking Bad can be taken literally in chemistry: this reaction involves using water to break a chemical bond, often splitting a larger molecule into smaller ones
What is hydrolysis?
This describes the type of solution that would cause the cells of a salt water fish to explode in fresh water because osmosis would cause water to diffuse from an area of higher water concentration in the water to an area of lower concentration in the fishes cell