AKI
Dehydration, diabetes, hypertension, use of nephrotoxic medications
What are risk factors for acute kidney injury?
Diabetes, hypertension, smoking
What are risk factors for CKD?
Movement of fluid across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration of particles (separating solutions of different concentrations)
What is osmosis?
Where the exchange of fluids, electrolytes, and wastes occur in PD.
What is the peritoneal cavity?
crackles or wheezes on auscultation, edema, distended neck veins
What are signs of fluid overload?
Hemorrhage, MI, arrhythmia, significant/prolonged vomiting and/or diarrhea
What are causes for pre-renal acute kidney injury?
Stimulates the patient's body to produce more red blood cells
What is erythropoietin (epogen/aranesp)?
AV fistula, av graft, specialized central line
What are access points for hemodialysis patients?
Greater independence, more stable labs and vital signs, less restricted diet.
What are advantages to PD?
Electrolyte that may be high, low, or within normal range
What is sodium in AKI?
Direct trauma to the kidney, repeated or severe infections, rhabdomyolysis
What are causes of infrarenal acute kidney injury?
Vitamin D, calcium, folic acid, iron
What are supplements that CKD patients should receive?
Hold antihypertensive medication and antibiotics the day of treatment, do not touch the dialysis catheter.
What are nursing interventions for patients recieving dialysis?
Most common reasons for poor dialysate flow.
What are constipation and catheter position?
Renal replacement therapy for patients who are critically ill.
What is CRRT?
Tumors, BPH, neurogenic bladder
What are causes of post-renal acute kidney injury?
Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs
What are indications for low calcium?
Thrombosis, infection, aneurism, arterial ischemia
What are complications of AV fistula?
Contraindication for PD
What are abdominal fibroids?
Hyper-acute, acute, chronic
What are types of kidney transplant rejection?
Liters of urine output, BUN, Creatine, potassium remain high
What is the diuretic phase of AKI?
Implement renal replacement, prepare for transplant, or hospice referral.
What is treatment for stage 5 of CKD?
Rapid decrease in blood volume and BUN causing cerebral edema
What is dialysis disequilibrium?
Fever, n/v, cloudy dialysate
What are signs of peritonitis is a PD patient?
Oliguria, fever, and graft enlargement
What is the triad of rejection?