Defining Globalization
The dramatic increase in the movement of information, people, culture, and money around the world.
Globalization
The sociological perspective that links economic inequalities between nations to technological improvements and differentiation of labor.
Structural-Functionalist Perspective
The percentage of the world's poor who are women.
70 percent
The stage where a society has a low productivity (typically agricultural) economy and a fatalistic culture
Traditional Stage
The sociological approach that analyzes how increasing interaction among peoples affects local cultures and a developing world culture.
Symbolic-Interactionist Perspective
A crucial innovation in transporting goods and resources internationally, leading to significantly reduced costs.
container shipping
Critics of modernization theory argue that advanced nations have often done this to development in poor nations, steering it to benefit themselves.
prevented development
The removal of jobs from one country to another, often to take advantage of lower labor costs, which increases economic inequality in advanced nations
outsourcing
The stage where a society develops preconditions for modernization, including cultural change that values progressive change as desirable
Development of Preconditions for Economic “Takeoff”
The specific conflict approach that notes the regions European nations conquered and colonized were inhabited by persons of color viewed as racially inferior.
Racial/Ethnic-Conflict Approach
Electronic technological advances, such as a network of satellites and fiber optic cables, enable this kind of transaction across international borders every day.
Financial transactions or (transfer of billions of dollars)
The theory that states less-developed countries should go through a multistage modernization process to become technologically advanced, wealthy, and democratic.
Modernization Theory
The United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF) defines this person as anyone younger than eighteen participating in an armed force or group
child soldier
The stage where investment in technological and economic growth increases to about 10 percent or more of the national income
Takeoff Period
This economist’s research indicates that gains from capital have generally exceeded economic growth
Thomas Piketty
The two main transportation capabilities whose expansion has been essential to the growth of globalization
transporting people and transporting goods and resources
This Conflict Perspective theory posits that poor nations were purposely made dependent on rich nations so they could be exploited indefinitely.
Dependency Theory
The most widespread form of forced labor today, where a person is enslaved as a way to pay off a debt
bonded labor
The stage that typically lasts about two generations, where the society adopts advanced technology throughout its economy
Drive toward Maturity
A proposed approach for reducing global inequality related to political funding, aiming to reduce the role of big money
universal public financing of major political campaigns
One negative consequence of neoliberal free-market globalization, which forces countries to limit wages, reduce business taxes, and cut welfare assistance to attract industry.
increasing economic inequality (or disproportionately benefiting the rich)
The World Systems Theory term for the most technologically advanced and militarily powerful nations that dominate the world system
Core Nations
The estimated number of children who die each year before age five from preventable causes such as lack of proper nutrition, clean water, or needed immunizations
over 7 million
The stage where the production of consumer goods and services dominates the economy, and personal income is high enough for consumption beyond essential needs
Stage of High Mass Consumption
A proposed global reform, inspired by Thomas Piketty's findings, to combat the continuous concentration of wealth in a small percentage of the world's population.
global progressive tax on wealth