WHEN ROME FELL, THE CHURCH HELD
POPES, KINGS, AND WHO RULES WHAT
EAST, WEST, AND THE CRUSADING WORLD
REFORM, REVIVAL, SAINTS, AND SCHOOLS
MENDICANTS, EUCHARIST, AND LATE MIDDLE AGE SHOCKS
100
This pope walked out to meet Attila in AD 452, trusting God more than an army when Rome could not protect itself.
Who is Pope St. Leo the Great?
100
In 754, this Frankish ruler received the title Patrician of the Romans from the pope, and his promise of protection helped reshape the pope’s political role.
Who is Pepin?
100
In 1014 this phrase was fully adopted into the Roman Rite Creed, and the chapter presents it as the spark that turned theology into a fight about authority.
What is filioque?
100
Founded in 1098 at Cîteaux, this reform movement sought stricter simplicity, and St. Bernard joined it because monasteries had grown too comfortable
What is the Order of Cistercians?
100
The chapter calls this order the first mendicant movement, and it links its founder’s poverty-driven spirituality to a revolution in Church life.
What is the Franciscan Order?
200
Daily Double
Double Points
Presidents' Day began as Washington’s Birthday, but it is now commonly treated as a day honoring Washington and this other president, whose birthday is February 12.
200
This “donation” created territory for the pope after Pepin routed the Lombards, and it served as the foundation of the Papal States for centuries.
What is the Donation of Pepin?
200
This Catholic principle states that "every citizen and government must work to avoid war, but it also insists that a government retains the right of lawful self-defense only after all peace efforts have failed, because the danger of war still persists" (CCC 2308).
What is Just War Theory?
200
In 1115, he founded Clairvaux and imposed strict rules, and the text presents him as God’s answer when controversy and abuse “rear up” in the Church.
Who is St. Bernard of Clairvaux?
200
He preached against the Albigensian heresy and founded a preaching order, and the chapter also connects him with promoting the Rosary.
Who is St. Dominic?
300
This former slave became Ireland’s great missionary, and the chapter credits him with bringing both Christianity and civilization to Ireland.
Who is St. Patrick?
300
In 799, this pope was attacked in Rome, escaped to Charlemagne, and his crisis set the stage for a Christmas Day moment that changed Europe.
Who is Pope St. Leo III?
300
In 1054 papal ambassadors and a patriarch traded excommunications, and the chapter stresses that almost no one at the time realized this split would harden into something permanent
What is the Great Schism?
300
The chapter says crusaders helped reintroduce classical learning to the West, and in Muslim controlled Spain, scholars translated this Greek philosopher into Latin.
Who is Aristotle?
300
This doctrine put the Church’s Eucharistic belief into definitive language and explicitly names the Real Presence of Christ’s Body and Blood, Soul, and Divinity.
What is transubstantiation?
400
This saint is called the father of Western monasticism, and his rule centered on prayer and work as a path toward ordered holiness.
Who is St. Benedict of Nursia?
400
On Christmas Day 800, this king was crowned Emperor of the Romans, and the text presents it as a public assertion of papal authority to appoint an emperor.
Who is Charlemagne?
400
In 1095, this pope preached at Clermont, and his call framed armed pilgrimage as both a defense of Christians in the East and a penitential act that reshaped medieval Europe.
Who is Pope Urban II?
400
This intellectual revival produced new centers of advanced learning, and the chapter says they “completely changed the atmosphere of the Western world.”
What are universities?
400
In the 1300s, the pope left Rome for this French city, and the chapter frames that move as part of a wider spiral of war, plague, and ecclesial instability.
What is Avignon?
500
The chapter says that monasteries became stabilizing centers in a world of lawlessness, and that villages formed around them as they brought organization and light to the West.
What is Western monasticism?
500
This effort to collect and copy old manuscripts relied on learned monks, and the chapter argues that many ancient Latin works survived because of it.
What is the Carolingian Renaissance?
500
Daily Double
Double Points
This 1980s Masters of the Universe hero transforms from Prince Adam when he lifts the Power Sword, and he battles Skeletor for the secrets of Castle Grayskull.
500
He argued that the truths of faith could be supported by reason, and he wrote a massive work intended to present a rational argument for Catholic teaching.
Who is St. Thomas Aquinas?
500
Daily Double
Double Points
This sword and immortality saga is being reborn under John Wick director Chad Stahelski, with Henry Cavill stepping into the Connor MacLeod role, and the new version is expected to move beyond the Highlands into modern global cities where “the Prize” still hangs on a final beheading.