Bronchodilators
A short-acting beta (adrenergic) agonist
What is albuterol?
Reduces inflammation and improves lung function for persons with COPD
What is Roflumilast
This is the most common adverse effect shared by all coagulation modifiers.
What is bleeding?
This class of antihypertensives ends in “‑olol” and works by decreasing heart rate and cardiac output.
What are beta blockers?
A patient has a new prescription for transdermal nitroglycerin patches. The nurse teaches the patient that these patches are most appropriately used for which reason?
a. To relieve exertional angina
b. To prevent palpitations
c. To prevent the occurrence of angina
d. To stop an episode of angina
c. To prevent the occurrence of angina
This B vitamin can help raise the HDL.
What is Niacin?
A common loop diuretic often used to treat HF.
What is furosemide?
White patches noted in the mouth if rinsing does not occur after an inhaled corticosteroid. (medical term)
What is oral candidiasis?
Causes a release of cytokines, leading to inflammation and the attraction of white blood cells to the affected area.
What is mast cell rupture?
This antiplatelet medication is often used when a patient is allergic to aspirin.
What is clopidogrel?
This common adverse effect may cause a patient to discontinue ACE inhibitor therapy.
What is a dry, persistent cough?
The nurse will teach a patient who will be taking nitroglycerin about which common adverse effect of this drug?
a.Blurred vision
b.Dizziness
c.Headache
d.Weakness
c.Headache
This antilipemic medication class can cause muscle pain and requires monitoring of liver enzymes.
What are statins?
During assessment of a patient who is receiving digoxin, the nurse monitors for findings that would indicate an increased possibility of toxicity, such as
a. apical pulse rate of 62 beats/min.
b. digoxin level of 1.5 ng/mL.
c. serum potassium level of 2.0 mEq/L.
d. serum calcium level of 9.9 mEq/L.
c. serum potassium level of 2.0 mEq/L
This is a bronchodilator but is not inhaled.
What is theophylline?
The class of medications that blocks leukotrienes, reducing inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production.
What is leukotriene receptor antagonists?
This anticoagulant is given IV or subcutaneously and is reversed with protamine sulfate.
What is heparin?
This electrolyte imbalance must be monitored in patients taking ACE inhibitors and ARBs.
What is hyperkalemia?
Is contraindicated with concurrent use with nitroglycerine due to the profound risk of hypotension?
What are erectile dysfunction medications, like tadalafil?
This medication binds bile acids in the intestine, reducing LDL levels.
What is cholestyramine? (or Bile Acid Sequestrants)
This classification of medication should NOT be given with acute MI and HF.
What are calcium channel blockers?
An example of a long-acting beta agonist bronchodilator used for maintenance and long-term COPD control.
What is Salmeterol? (or Formoterol)
Side effects of this medication include suicidal thoughts, insomnia, and anxiety.
What is montelukast?
This oral anticoagulant requires INR monitoring and is reversed with vitamin K.
What is warfarin?
Given the nurse’s knowledge of the side effects of alpha blockers, which instruction should the nurse provide to the patient with a new order for an alpha blocker to treat hypertension?
a. Drink plenty of fluids.
b. Wear sunscreen outside.
c. Change positions slowly.
d. Increase intake of potassium-rich foods
c. Change positions slowly.
The type of angina that is often seen in the early stages of coronary artery disease & occurs unexpectedly while at rest.
What is unstable angina?
A nurse administering niacin would implement which action to help to reduce adverse effects?
a. Give the medication with grapefruit juice.
b. Administer a small dose of aspirin or an NSAID 30 minutes before the niacin dose.
c. Administer the medication on an empty stomach.
d. Have the patient increase dietary fiber intake.
b. Administer a small dose of aspirin or an NSAID 30 minutes before the niacin dose.
A client with CHF is prescribed furosemide. Which finding indicates the medication is effective?
A. Weight gain of 1 lb in 24 hours
B. Increased blood pressure
C. Clear lung sounds
D. Serum potassium of 2.9 mEq/L
C. Clear lung sounds
Conditions in which anticholinergic bronchodilators should be avoided.
What is glaucoma & BPH?
An example of a mast cell stabilizer.
What is cromolyn?
This lab value guides dosing and safety for patients taking warfarin.
What is INR?
This class of antihypertensives should be used cautiously in patients with asthma.
What are beta blockers?
This occurs during stress/exertion or when oxygen demand is greater than O2 supply.
What is angina pectoris?
How Idarucumab, a PCSK-9 Inhibitor is administered.
How is by sub-Q injection?
A beta1 blocker is prescribed for a patient with heart failure and hypertension. Which adverse effects, if present, may indicate a serious problem is develop-ing while the patient is taking this medication? (Select all that apply.)
a. Edema
b. Nightmares
c. Shortness of breath
d. Nervousness
e. Constipation
a. Edema
c. Shortness of breath
Bronchodilators are often used in combination with this classification of medications to decrease inflammation in respiratory disease
What are corticosteroids?
Targets specific immune system components to reduce inflammation and allergic responses.
What is omalizumab?
This lab test is used to monitor the effectiveness of heparin therapy.
What is aPTT?
Similar in action to ACE Inhibitors but has no cough and far less incidences of angioedema and hyperkalemia.
What are ARBs or angiotensin Receptor Blockers?
A nurse with adequate knowledge about the administration of intravenous nitroglycerin will recognize that which statement is correct?
a. The intravenous form is given by intravenous push injection.
b. Because the intravenous forms are short-lived, the dosing must be every 2 hours.
c. Intravenous nitroglycerin must be protected from exposure to light through use of special tubing.
d. Intravenous nitroglycerin can be given by gravity drip infusions.
c. Intravenous nitroglycerin must be protected from exposure to light through use of special tubing.
This antilipemic class works primarily in the intestines rather than systemically.
What are bile acid sequestrants? (cholestyramine, colestipol)
A client taking digoxin for CHF reports nausea and visual halos. The nurse should:
A. Administer the next dose
B. Notify the provider immediately
C. Document the finding as normal
D. Give potassium supplements
B. Notify the provider immediately
Side effects of this classification of bronchodilator include dry mouth, urinary hesitancy, blurred vision.
What is anticholinergic, like ipratropium?
An example of an older generation medication that antagonizes the effects of histamine at H1-receptor sites.
What is diphenhydramine?
A client on Heparin IV has a platelet level that has been falling and is now at 90,000 mL/dL.
What is HIT? Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia
A patient is being treated for a hypertensive emer-gency. The nurse expects which drug to be used?
a. Sodium nitroprusside
b. Losartan
c. Captopril
d. Prazosin
a. Sodium nitroprusside
While assessing a patient with angina who is to start beta blocker therapy, the nurse is aware that the presence of which condition may be a problem if these drugs are used? (Select all that apply.)
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Essential tremor
c. Exertional angina
d. Asthma
e. Hypertension
a. Diabetes mellitus
d. Asthma
This injectable monoclonal antibody dramatically lowers LDL by inhibiting PCSK9.
What is alirocumab? or What are PCSK9 inhibitors?
A CHF patient is prescribed lisinopril. Which side effect requires IMMEDIATE intervention?
A. Dry cough
B. Dizziness
C. Angioedema
D. Fatigue
C. Angioedema
The delivery when the medication is turned into a fine mist, placed into a hand-held device, and inhaled with each breath.
Small volume nebulizer
An example of common expectorant.
What is guaifenesin?
This adverse reaction involves over-activation of platelets and an increase in clotting and is unique to heparin therapy.
What is heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)?
Relaxes muscles in vessel walls, allowing blood to flow freely. Often used in BPH.
What are alpha-blockers, like prazosin & doxazosin?
Besides NTG, name 2 classifications that are used to treat angina.
What are beta blockers and calcium channel blockers?
A patient has been taking simvastatin for 6 months. Today he received a call that he needs to come to the office for a “laboratory check.” The nurse expects which laboratory studies to be ordered at this time? (Select all that apply.)
a. PT/INR
b. Total cholesterol
c. Triglycerides
d. Liver function studies
e. Complete blood count
f. HDL and LDL levels
b. Total cholesterol
c. Triglycerides
d. Liver function studies
f. HDL and LDL levels
Which medication used in CHF increases the risk of hyperkalemia?
A. Furosemide
B. Digoxin
C. Spironolactone
D. Metoprolol
C. Spironolactone