Solutions, Equilibrium, & Kinetics
The "Π" in the equation: Π=iMRT represents this
What is osmotic pressure?
Determine whether aqueous solutions of the following salts are acidic, basic, or neutral:
(a) FeCl3 (b) K2CO3
(c) NH4Br (d) KClO4
Acidic, basic, acidic, neutral
This is the ranked entropy of room temperature I2, Cl2, and Br2
what is I2 < Br2 < Cl2
This is the oxidation state of chromium in Cr(H2O)63+
What is 3?
The isotope of carbon that is unstable and famously used for dating fossils and other artifacts
What is carbon-14?
These are four ways in which the concentration of hydrazine, N2H4, could be increased in an equilibrium described by the following equation:
N2(g)+2H2(g)⇌N2H4(g) ΔH=95kJ
What are: increasing N2, increasing H2, increasing temperature, and decreasing volume/increasing pressure
The odor of vinegar is due to the presence of acetic acid, CH3CO2H, a weak acid. These are the order, in descending concentration, of all the ionic and molecular species present in a 1-M aqueous solution of this acid.
[H2O] > [CH3CO2H] > [H3O+] ≈ [CH3CO2−] > [OH−]
When Benzene (C6H6 (l)) is combusted, this is the sign of the entropy change
What is positive
This is the balanced equation representing reaction between aqueous permanganate ion, MnO4, and solid chromium(III) hydroxide, Cr(OH)3, to yield solid manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2, and aqueous chromate ion, CrO42− The reaction takes place in a basic solution
What is OH−(aq)+Cr(OH)3(s)+MnO4−(aq)⟶CrO42-(aq)+MnO2(s)+2H2O(l)
239Pu is a nuclear waste byproduct with a half-life of 24,000 years. This is the fraction of the 239Pu that will be present in 1000 years
What is 97.2%
If the freezing point of an aqueous solution is -4.1 degrees Celsius. This is its boiling point.
(deltaT=k*i*m)
(k_boiling=0.51, k_freezing=1.86)
What is 101.1 degrees Celsius?
This is the pH of a buffer solution prepared from 0.20 mol NH3, 0.40 mol NH4NO3, and just enough water to give 1.00 L of solution?
What is 8.95?
A reaction has ΔH°= 100 kJ/mol and ΔS°=250 J/mol⋅K.
This is the temperature at which this reaction becomes spontaneous
What is 400 degrees kelvin
The cell schematic for this equation:
3CuNO3(aq)+Au(NO3)3(aq)⟶3Cu(NO3)2(aq)+Au(s)
(do u need an inert electrode?)
What is Pt(s)│Cu+(aq), Cu2+(aq)║Au3+(aq)│Au(s)
The nuclear reactions for each step in the formation of 218-84Po from 238-92U, which proceeds by a series of decay reactions involving the step-wise emission of α, β, β, α, α, α, α particles, in that order
What are:
238-92U⟶234-90Th+4-2He;
234-90Th⟶234-91Pa + 0-(-1)e;
234-91Pa⟶234-92U + 0-(-1)e;
234-92U⟶230-90Th + 4-2He;
230-90Th⟶226-88Ra + 4-2He;
226-88Ra⟶222-86Rn + 4-2He;
222-86Rn⟶218-84Po+4-2He;
HCN(aq)⇌H+(aq)+CN−(aq)
Kc=4.9×10^−10
Given an initial concentration of HCN=0.15M, then this would be the equilibrium concentrations (for HCN, H+ and CN-)
What are 0.15 M and 8.6x10^-6
A buffer solution is prepared from equal volumes of 0.200 M acetic acid and 0.600 M sodium acetate. Use 1.80 × 10^−5 as Ka for acetic acid. What is the pH?
pH = 5.222
When ammonium chloride is added to water it dissolves and the resulting solution feels cold. These are the signs of deltaH, deltaG, and deltaS
What are deltaG is negative, deltaH and deltaS are positive
The balanced cell reaction for the cell schematic below, the standard cell potential, and the spontaneity of the reaction under standard state conditions.
Cu(s)│Cu2+(aq)║Au3+(aq)│Au(s)
What are:
3Cu(s)+2Au3+(aq)⟶3Cu2+(aq)+2Au(s); +1.16 V; spontaneous
A 8-5B atom (mass = 8.0246 amu) decays into a 8-4Be atom (mass = 8.0053 amu) by loss of a β+ particle (mass = 0.00055 amu) or by electron capture. This is the energy in (MegaElectronVolts) produced by the reaction
What is 17.5 MeV?
The rate constant for the first-order decomposition at 45 °C of dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5, dissolved in chloroform, CHCl3, is 6.2 × 10^−4 (min^−1).
2N2O5⟶4NO2+O2.
This is the rate of the reaction when [N2O5]=0.4M
What is 2.5 x 10^-4 (mol/L/min)
Fluorite is slightly soluble and reaction looks like this:
CaF2(s)⇌Ca+2(aq)+2F−(aq)
The concentration of Ca+2 in a saturated solution of CaF2 is 2.15 × 10^–4 M. This is the solubility product of fluorite?
What is 3.98 x 10^-11
This is the standard free energy change (deltaG*) for the formation of S2-(aq), given that deltaG* for Ag+ is 77.1kJ/mol and deltaG* for Ag2S is -39.5 kJ/mol and K_sp for Ag2S is 8x10^-51
(deltaG*=-2.303*RT*log(K_sp))
What is 90 kJ/mol
The standard cell potential and the cell potential with stated conditions, for this reaction at 298K
Hg(l)+S2-(aq, 0.10M)+2Ag+(aq, 0.25M)⟶2Ag(s)+HgS(s)
(you will need to get out a cell potential table)
If 1.000 g of 226-88Ra produces 0.0001 mL of the gas 222-86Rn at STP (standard temperature and pressure) in 24 h, this is the half-life of 226Ra in years
What is 2000 years?