Mask
The part of the respiratory system that includes the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx is called...
Upper respiratory tract
The process of getting air into the lungs and back out is called...
ventilation
The part of the respiratory system that includes the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Lower respiratory tract
The volume of air inspired and expired during normal, quiet breathing is called...
Tidal volume
The ease with which lungs inflate is called...
Compliance
The process of O2 and CO2 exchange between the alveoli and the blood is called...
External respiration
The diaphragm contracts and external intercostal muscles contract pulling the rib cage up and out. What is happening?
The process of O2 and CO2 exchange twetween the cells of the body and the blood is...
Internal respiration
Diaphragm relaxes and abdominal organs push it up.
Muscles of inhalation are relaxed.
What is happening?
Exhaling (exhalation)
During forced inspiration the maximum volume of air is in the lungs. What is that called?
Total lung capacity.
Air pressure in the lungs is LOWER than the atmospheric pressure outsdie the lungs. What is happening?
Air flows into the lungs, or inhaling
Air pressure in the lungs is HIGHER than the atmospheric pressure outside the lungs. What is happening:
Air flows out of the lungs, or exhale.
Diaphragm contracts,
External intercostal muscles contract
Sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor (chest) and scalene (neck) muscles contract---
In relation to respiration, what is this called?
Forced inhalation
Abdominal muscles are contracted
Internal intercostal muscles are contracted, pulling ribs in and decreasing size of thoracic cavity.
Regarding respiration, what is this called?
Forced exhalation
The volume of air left in the lungs after normal exhalation is called...
Functional residual capacity
A person has no problem inhaling, but has a lot of problems exhaling because the alveoli are stiff and don't deflate (or recoil) very much. What is this person's disease/problem called?
Emphysema (COPD)
A person is feeling short of breath, but his lungs are in perfect shape. What else could be causing this feeling if ventilation is not the issue?
Perfusion, not enough blood flowing through the lungs, or not enough RBC's for the oxygen to attach onto.
The alveoli in the lungs are filled up with fluid. This disease/problem is called....
Normally the alveoli are lots of small sacs. When those small sacs get damaged and there are just fewer, large sacs, why is that a problem?
Less surface area for gas exchange
Less efficient external respiration
In normal, healthy humans, what is the stimulus to breathe?
High CO2 levels
After winning a sprint race, the runner is breathing so hard he feels like his lungs will burst! What will prevent that from happening?
The Hering-Breuer reflex
There is not enough surfactant in the alveolar fluid, making it very hard to get the alveoli open during breathing. What is this problem/condition called?
Infant respiratory distress syndrome
When someone's blood it too acidic (the pH is too low), what will be the body's response?
Deep, rapid respirations to blow off the CO2 to increase the blood pH.
There is a loss of negative pressure in the pleural cavity. This is treated with a chest tube hooked to suction. What is this problem/condition?
Pneumothorax or collapsed lung ("punctured lung")
Functional residual capacity is the volume of air left in the lungs after exhaling. What is the purpose of this air?
To supply oxygen to the blood during exhalation