Misc
differences between DNA and RNA?
sugar: deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA
Nitrogenous base: Thymine in DNA and Uracil in RNA
Strands: Double-stranded DNA, single-strand RNA
How does deoxyribose sugar differ from ribose sugar?
Ribose has OH on the 2' Carbon of the sugar.
The reaction that joins monomers of all polymers is called ____.
Dehydration
If P is lacking in the diet of an organism or as a resource, the synthesis of which macromolecules are affected?
Lipids and proteins
What characteristic in RNA and DNA makes replication and transcription possible?
Nucleotides available for base pairing, A with T and G with C
What molecule is removed when two alpha glucose units join in a disaccharide
water - dehydration reaction
What is the difference between cellulose structure and the structure of starch?
starch: alpha glucose with 1-4 linkage
cellulose: beta with one flipped 180 with respect to the other
What molecules would be not synthesized inside cells if N is not their as a resource or in the diet?
nucleic acids, proteins
Draw the H bond between two adjacent water molecules on your whiteboard
look at the board for the answer
Draw two glycine connected and name the bond that links the glycine
look at the board for an answer
Predict what would happen if cellulase enzyme is non-functional due to mutation in herbivores
cannot break down cellulose to get glucose
Why is an ice layer essential in the Arctic / Antarctic?
habitat for animals
insulation for water below so it stays warmer and in liquid form.
If one needed to remove a nucleotide in the DNA due to damage, then which bonds will need to be cut? H bonds between bases? Bond connecting base to sugar? phosphodiester bond to the left of base? Or phosphodiester bond to the left and right of base?
phosphodiester bond to the left and right of the base?
Explain why the water column gets pulled up from the roots to the leaves of trees.
Transpiration creates tug, and capillary action moves water up. capillary action due to cohesion and adhesion.
Draw a general structure of an amino acid on board and indicate functional groups that are essential for making protein chain
amino, carboxyl,
diagram on board
How can you recognize polar and nonpolar amino acids?
Look at functional groups on the R chain.
If polar or charged then hydrophilic, if only C-C and C-H bonds then hydrophobic
If Hydrophilic amino acid glutamic acid is replaced by hydrophobic valine in a protein, then predict how the change affects protein function and why?
change in 3D folding ->- change in shape and structure --> change in binding of ligand or substrate ---> change in activity
How and why do vesicles fuse with membranes?
same bilayer structure
polar fuses with polar heads
tails fuse with hydrophobic tails
If a polypeptide chain loses cysteine amino acid, predict the effect this may have on protein.
cysteine has a sulfhydryl group, two cysteines may form a disulfide group looping protein. so protein folding may change.
List the monomers/components and joining linkage of the biological macromolecules
polysaccharide--> monosaccharide--> glycosidic
proteins-->amino acids--> peptide
lipids -triglyceride-> fatty acids and glycerol--> ester
NA---> nucleotides---> phosphodiester