Minerals
Minerals are ________ substances that occur naturally on or under the Earth's surface. They can be pure _______ or compounds of one or more elements. All minerals have a ________ structure.
Minerals are inorganic substances that occur naturally on or under the Earth's surface. They can be pure elements or compounds of one or more elements. All minerals have a crystal structure.
The _________ is the solid, outer layer of the Earth. It's made up of the ______ which is solid ____ and the upper part of the ______, where it's hotter and the rock is more fluid.
The lithosphere is the solid, outer layer of the Earth. It's made up of the crust which is solid rock and the upper part of the mantle, where it's hotter and the rock is more fluid.
When magma is pushed up to the Earth's surface in a volcanic eruption it's called _____ .
When magma is pushed up to the Earth's surface in a volcanic eruption it's called lava .
Minerals are ______ for life. All living things need minerals to grow. Minerals and rocks are also used to make many of the things that we use in our daily lives.
Minerals are essential for life. All living things need minerals to grow. Minerals and rocks are also used to make many of the things that we use in our daily lives.
Jewellery is made of _____ and _____
gold and silver
Each mineral has a different composition and a unique structure. This gives each mineral its own _______, _______, _______ , and _______. Mineralogists use these properties to categorise minerals.
Each mineral has a different composition and a unique structure. This gives each mineral its own colour , crystal structure, lustre , and hardness. Mineralogists use these properties to categorise minerals.
______ are made of one or more ______. They can also contain remains of living things and fragments of other rocks.
Rocks are made of one or more minerals. They can also contain remains of living things and fragments of other rocks.
When lava cools it forms ________, for example basalt.
When lava cools it forms extrusive igneous rock, for example basalt.
Yogurt is rich in _______ and avocados are rich in _______. These minerals are important for healthy bones.
Yogurt is rich in calcium and avocados are rich in magnesium. These minerals are important for healthy bones.
Pencils are made of ______. Electric wires are made of ______
Pencils are made of graphite. Electric wires are made of copper.
Name as many minerals as possible (there are 10)
calcium, gold, diamond, sodium, sulphur, graphite, quartz, colbalt, talc, mica
What are the three main types of rocks?
igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
_______ are eroded fragments of rock, sand, shell, and the remains of living things. They're deposited on the lowest areas of land and on the ocean floor. Over a very long time this sediment gets compacted until it forms rock.
Sediments are eroded fragments of rock, sand, shell, and the remains of living things. They're deposited on the lowest areas of land and on the ocean floor. Over a very long time this sediment gets compacted until it forms rock.
Broccoli contains ______ and chicken contains ______. These minerals help maintain the right amount of water in our bodies.
Broccoli contains potassium and chicken contains sodium. These minerals help maintain the right amount of water in our bodies.
batteries contain _____. cement is made of ____
batteries contain lithium. cement is made of gypsum
The hardness of a mineral is its resistance to ________.
The hardness of a mineral is its resistance to scratching.
_______ rock started as liquid rock deep inside the Earth's crust, where it's very hot. This liquid rock is called ______.
Igneous rock started as liquid rock deep inside the Earth's crust, where it's very hot. This liquid rock is called magma.
_________ rock forms in ______ and sometimes has fossils of animals or plants in it. Limestone, clay, and shale are examples of sedimentary rock.
Sedimentary rock forms in layers and sometimes has fossils of animals or plants in it. Limestone, clay, and shale are examples of sedimentary rock.
Many toothpastes contain _____. This mineral protects our teeth from bacteria and helps prevent tooth decay.
Many toothpastes contain flouride. This mineral protects our teeth from bacteria and helps prevent tooth decay.
Salamanca is called the golden city because it has many buildings made of _______.
The Escorial Monastery looks grey because it was built using ____.
Salamanca is called the golden city because it has many buildings made of sandstone.
The Escorial Monastery looks grey because it was built using granite.
Hardness is determined using the ________. It measures hardness based on whether we can scratch a mineral with another harder mineral, a knife, our fingernails, or other material.
Hardness is determined using the Mohs hardness scale. It measures hardness based on whether we can scratch a mineral with another harder mineral, a knife, our fingernails, or other material.
When magma cools and solidifies inside the Earth's crust, it forms _______, for example ______.
When magma cools and solidifies inside the Earth's crust, it forms intrusive igneous rock, for example granite.
___________ rock started as sedimentary or igneous rock. This rock is transformed into metamorphic rock by high ________ or _____. Marble and slate are examples of metamorphic rock.
Metamorphic rock started as sedimentary or igneous rock. This rock is transformed into metamorphic rock by high pressure or heat. Marble and slate are examples of metamorphic rock.
Paint is made using _____. Jewellery is made of _____ and _____
Paint is made using talc. Jewellery is made of gold and silver
____ is used to build roofs because it can be easily cut into thin, flat pieces and it's waterproof.
______ is used for floors because it's hardwearing, attractive and cool in hot weather.
Slate is used to build roofs because it can be easily cut into thin, flat pieces and it's waterproof.
Marble is used for floors because it's hardwearing, attractive and cool in hot weather.