Cattle & Cowboys
These Mexican cowboys influenced American ranching traditions, including roping and branding.
vaqueros
The 1901 discovery that launched Texas into the petroleum age occurred at what famous site?
Spindletop
Railroads allowed farmers to do what more efficiently than wagons?
Transport crops and cattle to markets faster.
Most Native Americans in Texas were relocated to where during westward expansion?
Indian Territory (Oklahoma)
These African American regiments served on the frontier and fought Native American tribes.
Buffalo Soldiers
In the late 1800s, what was the greatest threat to cattle ranchers’ profits?
Texas Fever (diseased cattle)
The oil boom caused major growth in banking and financial services in these two Texas cities.
Dallas and Houston
Industrial growth and railroad expansion caused people to move to cities in a process called what?
urbanization
One major environmental reason people avoided settling West Texas was lack of what resource?
water
This Comanche leader helped his people transition to reservation life and supported education and ranching.
Quanah Parker
Cattle trails helped Texas grow by encouraging the building of what type of transportation system?
railroads
How did Howard Hughes help Texas' oil companies?
inventor who improved drill bit technology
Which group would NOT be considered a cause of urban growth: factory workers, railroad builders, business owners, or large elderly populations?
large elderly populations
What was the biggest obstacle that discouraged families from moving west in early Texas frontier days?
Threat of conflict and harsh environment.
He served as a tribal judge and negotiated with white business leaders.
Quanah Parker
Many early cowboys in Texas came from which two cultural backgrounds that shaped ranching skills?
Spanish and Mexican
________________ cycles in the oil industry created many ghost towns across Texas and the West.
Boom-and-bust
This Texas governor is known for regulating railroads and protecting citizens from unfair business practices.
James Hogg
Barbed wire was especially helpful to which group?
Farmers
Westward expansion resulted in what major consequence for Texas Native Americans?
Loss of land and forced relocation.
The introduction of this invention ended the open range and helped farmers protect their land.
barbed wire
Before oil became dominant, this industry was the largest in Texas.
agriculture
How did land, cattle, and railroads together change Texas after the Civil War?
They expanded settlement on the frontier.
Westward expansion had what long-term impact on Native Texans?
Loss of land and forced relocation.
The oil boom increased demand for lumber because it was needed to build what structures?
oil derricks and housing