Causes of WW1
Militarism is the belief or the desire of a government or a people that a state should maintain a strong military capability and to use it aggressively to expand national interests and/or values.
What was the dominant form of warfare?
Trench warfare
Who created the Brusilov Offensive?
Alexei Brusilov
Who did the Red Army fight for?
The Red Army fought for the Lenin’s Bolshevik government.
What was the treaty signed on the Eastern Front?
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Imperialism is..
Imperialism is the maintaining and extending of power over foreign nations, particularly through expansionism, employing both hard power and soft power.
When was the battle of Beaumont-Hamel?
July 1 1916
What was the goal of Brusilov's plan?
Crushing as many of the enemy as possible while creating a diversion for the attack up North.
When did the Russian Civil War break out?
In late 1917 after the Bolshevik Revolution.
Why did Germany sign the armistice? (4 reasons)
Shortage of resources
Lack of allies
Low morale
Military defeat
Nationalism is...
Nationalism is an ideology that elevates one nation or nationality above all others and that places primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations, nationalities, or supranational groups.
What did Tommy Ricketts do?
He helped push back the Germans by running back to grab more ammo. He received a Victoria Cross for his bravery.
What did Vladimir Lenin do?
Founder of the Russian Communist Party (the Bolsheviks)
Who was Alexander Kerensky?
One of the leaders of the provisional government
What is the Treaty of Versailles
The document stipulating the peace terms imposed on Germany by the Allied victors of the First World War
What were the two alliances? Who was involved?
Triple Entente: United Kingdom, France, Russia
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
What is propaganda used for? (4 reasons)
Recruitment
Demonization of the enemy
Support for war efforts
Maintaining national morale
When did the Bloody Sunday Massacre happen? What were the consequences (what happened afterwards)?
January 22 1905
Strikes and riots broke out throughout the country in outraged response to the massacre
How did the Russian Civil War end?
On July 16, 1918, the Romanovs were executed by the Bolsheviks. The Russian Civil War ended in 1923 with Lenin’s Red Army claiming victory and establishing the Soviet Union.
Why was the League of Nations created? Was it effective?
Established in 1920, following World War I, to promote international cooperation and prevent future conflicts through collective security and disarmament.
Was not effective, WW2 started.
When was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated?
June 28, 1914
What did the Schlieffen Plan involve?
Would allow Germany to win a two-front war. Needed to keep Russia and France split up to win. Germany’s army would provoke a decisive battle (Entscheidungsschlacht), using a massive force, in a single act, to bring a swift and conclusive victory. Their four army groups were called the Battalion Carré.
Leading factors of the Russian Revolution
- The Industrial Revolution arrived later in Russia
- Cities doubled in size causing overcrowding and destitute living conditions.
- A boom in population, harsh growing season, and ongoing wars led to famine and food shortages
- The loss of the Russo-Japanese war
What is the Bolshevik Revolution referred to as?
When did it happen?
What happened?
Often referred to as the October Revolution.
Happened on November 6-7 1917.
Leftist revolutionaries led by Bolshevik Party leader Vladimir Lenin launched a nearly bloodless coup d’état against the Duma’s provisional government.
What terms did the Treaty of Versailles impose on Germany? (5 terms)
Loss of territory
Demilitarization of the Rhineland
War Guilt Clause = solely responsible for WW1
Pay substantial reparations
Military was limited