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Mendelian Genetics
Meiosis
DNA Structure
Chromosomes and Replication
Protein Synthesis
100
passing on of molecules of heredity, from parents to offspring
What is Genetics?
100
a cell having half the normal species number of chromosomes
What is haploid?
100
bonds between pair of complementary nucleotides' nitrogenous bases
What are hydrogen bonds?
100
DNA is wrapped around small structural proteins called histones to supercoil into
What is a chromosome?
100
molecule that carries the DNA message to the ribosome
What is mRNA? for a daily double - what is IN the message?
200
an allele that is expressed in the heterozygous state, can hide the recessive allele.
What is dominant?
200
two chromosomes that pair up during Prophase I and Metaphase I because they contain the same genes (they may have different allele variations at that location)
What are homologous chromosomes?
200
strong type of bond that holds together the sugar-phosphate structures in the "backbone" of DNA
What is covalent bond
200
enzyme that adds DNA nucleotides to each DNA strand during replication
What is DNA polymerase?
200
three nucleotide segment of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid
What is a codon?
300
This one of Mendel's laws states that two alleles for the same trait will migrate to different cells during gamete formation
What is principle of segregation?
300
structure formed when two chromosomes pair so that crossing-over may occur
What is a tetrad? for ANOTHER daily double: when are homologues in the tetrad? (what phase?)
300
the molecule of life that Griffith, Avery, Hershey & Chase proved to be the GENETIC MATERIAL through lab procedures
What is DNA?
300
two scientists who first described the structure of DNA
Who are Watson and Crick? for a daily double : whose work was ^theirs dependent on?
300
segments of DNA that contain the recipe for a single family of protein
What are GENES?
400
the percent chance that offspring of two heterozygous parents will be heterozygous
What is 50%? for a daily double... draw the evidence in a Punnett Square. Show which genotypes are heterozygous vs. homozygous
400
phase of meiosis in which homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell (indicate meiosis I or II)
What is metaphase I?
400
the two nucleotides that are pyrimidines (single ring bases)
What are thymine and cytosine?
400
point at which the DNA helix unwinds
What is the replication fork? for a daily double : what enzyme is in charge of unzipping this area?
400
molecule that has an anticodon segment and carries amino acids to the ribosome
What is tRNA (transfer)?
500
The one of Mendel's laws states that two alleles on *different* chromosomes will randomly move into gamete cells *without* influencing each other . (example - his pea seeds didn't have to be Green AND Round. They could be yellow and round)
What is the principle of independent assortment?
500
phase in which sister chromatids separate (indicate meiosis I or II)
What is anaphase II?
500
the two parts of a nucleotide that make up the DNA backbone
What are the sugar and phosphate? for a daily double: which sugar is part of DNA nucleotides
500
name given to DNA (and associated protein) that is NOT coiled into a chromosome
What is chromatin?
500
process that produces messenger RNA
What is transcription?