Hemangiosarcoma
What age and type of dog are commonly diagnosed with hemangiosarcoma?
Middle aged to older- large breed dogsd
What is a M component
The protein that the cancerous population is overproducing
What is the most important clinical indication for a blood transfusion?
Decreased delivery of oxygen to the tissues-DO2
*due to anemia*
Animal donors can donate up to _____% of blood volume
20%
What is TACO?
Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload- volume overload associated with the increase in intravascular volume from a blood transfusion
And what are the commonly affected areas on animals who develop HSA? (select all)
A- Ventral Abd
B- Inguinal
C- Conjunctiva
A/C
What immune globulin do monoclonal produce?
Y "monoconal gammopathy"
what are Aa/Qa the most clinically significant blood type combination
Most immune stimulating RBC antigen types
A dog that has received their first RBC transfusion a week ago is back in your clinic and needs another transfusion. Knowing that Typing for DEA 1 status for first time is not needed. What do you need to do for this second?
Typing or cross match?
Cross match- is required for all patients that have received a RBC transfusion more than 4 days previously. There has been enough time for antibody development
TRALI- caused by leukocyte antibodies from donor plasma reacting with recipients leukocytes
Explain the "two thirds rule"
2/3 of splenic masses are malignant
75% of those malignancies
90% of non-traumatic hemoabd cases are
hemangiosarcoma
What are the 4 other characteristics that could lead you to diagnose Multiple myeloma?- (you need at least two to diagnose)
Hint: Monoclonal ______
1- bone marrow plasmacytosis
2- osteolytic bone lesions
3- monoclonal gammopathy
4- Bence-Jones proteinuria - free light chain that slips into pee
T/F- It is pretty much always safe to used a healthy Quarter Horse broodmare's blood when there is no time from blood matching
Calculate 30% blood volume for a 450kg horse
F- best to use a Quarter Horse gelding
Why? because they are likely AaQa negative
8% body weight- (0.08)
(0.08) (450 kg)= 36kg= L
30% of 36kg= 10.8 L
Fill in the blanks : Ideal Canine Donor
Body wright ____ to _____ lbs - PVC at least ____%
No previous _________
Ideally _____ negative
Avoid what breed/cross breed?
55-60, 40%
Transfusions
DEA 1
Akita's - RBC have high K content - can cause hyperkalemia
Indicate if this animal is in need of a bone marrow exam?
Cat with moderate regenerative anemia, moderate Heinz bodies, normal total protein, mild neutrophilia, and platelets with in reference interval
No- we have proof that the bone marrow is generating neutrophils and platelets
What of the following are laboratory findings for HSA
A- Thrombocytosis
B- Schistocytes, Acanthocytes, nRBC
C- Renal failure
D- strictly regenerative anemia
What are the three stages of HSA
Thrombocytopenia
B-correct
C- cardio issues
D- regenerative and non
1: Unruptured tumor < 5cm
2: Ruptured Tumor > 5cm
3: Distant Metastasis
Explain why too much protein/plasma cells are bad?
Cancerous cells can infiltrate bones and organs. Circulating M protein can affect nearly all body systems
What are the two types of alloantibodies?
Why does become complicated when treating horses (giving transfusion)?
Hemolytic and agglutinating
Horses have robust hemolytic alloantibodies- ideally complement is added to cross match and identify strictly hemolytic alloantibodies
Match the problem with the most efficient choice blood product
1- Liver Damage:
A- Fresh WB
B- Stored WB
C- pRBC's
D- FFP (fresh frozen plasma)
C-FP (frozen plasma)
2- IMHA
A- Fresh WB
B- Stored WB
C- pRBC's
D- FFP (fresh frozen plasma)
C-FP (frozen plasma)
3- Rodenticide Ingestion
A- Fresh WB
B- Stored WB
C- pRBC's
D- FFP (fresh frozen plasma)
E-FP (frozen plasma)
1- A whole blood, not the most efficient product for all problems. Only really helpful if patient is losing everything
2- C- pRBC's, used in anemia where animals are anemic but not losing blood volume
3- E-FP/D- fresh frozen plasma, both contain clotting factors. FP most cost effective
How do a lack of particles in a aspirate smear limit the interpretation of the slide?
A- Can not estimate M:E
B- Can not estimate cellularity
B- Problem w/ lack of particles: cant estimate cellularity
Problem with lack of intact cells: cant estimate M:E
What of the following are not benign splenic masses?
A-Hematoma
B-Histiocytic sarcoma
C- Nodular Hyperplasia
D- Extramedullary hematopoiesis
T/F- the best treatment for local HSA is radiation therapy
A dog diagnosed with a stage 3, splenic HSA, undergoing surgery has what estimate of survival
B- is malignant
F- surgery- large margins
Stage 3- 3 mo,
Surgery- 1-3 mo
Myeloma is treated with __________ styled treatment
Survival time for dog________
Survival time for cats_______
systemic
D-18-31 mo
C- 4-13 mo
Neonatal Isoerythrolysis- requires the perfect storm
What are the perfect storm requirements?
1-
2-
3-
4-
1- Mare and foal have different blood types
2-Mare has been sensitized to AaQa before
3- Antibodies produced by this amnestic response get into mares colostrum
4- foal ingests adequate colostrum
T/F acute hemolytic transfusion rxn is often seen in DEA 1 negative dogs given DEA 1 positive blood?
The biggest problem with delayed hemolytic transfusion rxn is _____ life span of RBC
The most common transfusion rxn is? And why does this happen?
T
Shortened
A rise on temp within 4 hours of transfusion w/out hemolysis- Usually caused by WBCs or platelets components pf transfused blood.
What is ATIII role?
Common disorders associated with deficiency of ATIII?
It is a crucial protein in the regulation of blood coagulation- inhibits several enzymes in the coagulation cascade. Helps prevent excessive clot formation and maintains balance.
Cause an increased risk of thrombin disorders