The Fat Land
This clinical tool is calculated by dividing body weight in kilograms byheight in meters squared(kg/m^2
BMI
This is the body's primary cooling mechanism during exercise in hot, humid environments.
evaporation
These cells, also known as CD4+ cells, are often referred to as the "quarterbacks" of the cellular immune system.
T helper cells
This coexistent set of medical conditions in athletic women consists of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis.
Female Athlete Triad
In goal setting, the "M" in the SMARTS acronym stands for this requirement.
Measurable
While childhood obesity often involves an increase in fat cell number (hyperplasia), weight gain in adulthood primarily involves this increase in fat cell size.
Hypertrophy
This gas law, which states that volume varies inversely with pressure, explains why scuba divers must never hold their breath while ascending.
Boyles Law
This hypothesis suggests that while moderate exercise boosts immunity, a bout of severe, high-intensity exercise is followed by a temporary period of immunosuppression.
Open Window
Clinically, this life stage is defined as the point when a woman has gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual cycle.
menopause
This stage of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is characterized by an individual intending to be regularly active within the next 30 days.
Preparation
Although DEXA is the clinical gold standard for bone density, this imaging technique is considered superior for specifically measuring changes in actual muscle mass.
MRI
Due to the lack of weightbearing stress, astronauts in microgravity lose this percentage of bone mass would be lost on a 7 month mission.
7%
This specific class of antibody is the most prolific found in mucosal fluids like saliva and serves as a first line of defense against pathogens.
IgA
This specific demographic has been identified as the most physically active mobile creatures on the planet.
5-6 year old boys
This core construct of Social Cognitive Theory describes the continuous interaction between a person, their environment, and their behavior.
reciprocal determinism
To be diagnosed with this condition, an individual must meet at least three of five criteria, including central adiposity, high fasting glucose, and hypertension
metabolic Syndrome
At high altitudes, the body’s "hypoxicdrive" to increase ventilation typically kicks in when the partial pressure of arterial oxygen(PaO_2) falls below this value.
60 mmHg
Supplementing with this nutrient during prolonged, strenuous exercise has been shown to attenuate the rise of the stress hormone cortisol.
Carbohydrates
This term describes the athletic advantage held by children born earlier in the academic year because they are often more physically mature than their peers.
Relative Age Effect
According to Self-Determination Theory, long-term exercise adherence is more likely when a person moves from extrinsic rewards to this type of internal drive.
intrinsic motivation
This theory suggests the hypothalamus acts like a thermostat, fighting weight loss efforts by lowering the body's metabolic rate.
Set Point Theory
This secondary pollutant is not emitted directly but is formed when heat and sunlight interact with vehicle emissions in the troposphere.
ozone
These innate immune cells are highly studied in exercise immunology because they specifically target and kill cancer cells and virally infected cells.
NK cells
These five geographic regions, such as Okinawa and Sardinia, are famous for having high concentrations of centenarians who share common lifestyle habits.
Blue Zones
This concept, studied by Dr. Brian Wansink, posits that environmental cues like plate size and lighting lead people to overconsume food without awareness.
mindless eating