Industrial + Agricultural Revolution
Identify 3 impacts (Positive or negative) of the Industrial Revolution
Urbanisation, new inventions, mass production of goods, overcrowding, growth in crime, unemployment in overpopulated areas, poor living and working conditions, longer working hours
Name the three regions involved in the Triangular Trade
Europe/Britain
Africa
Americas
What is the name for how enslaved people were transported?
Tight Packing
When did the First Fleet arrive in Australia? How long did the journey take?
1788, 8 months
What was Blackbirding?
Between 1863 and 1904 more than 62,000 men, women and children were brought by plantation and ship owners to work in the sugar, pastoral and maritime industries in Queensland. South Sea Islanders came from 80 different islands including Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Fiji, the Gilbert Islands, New Ireland and Papua New Guinea. Many were kidnapped or ‘blackbirded’ by labour agents, others were told lies about what they could expect in Australia.
Name an industry that was revolutionised during this time
Clothing and/or textile industry, transportation, coal, iron and steel, military/weaponry.
What was the name of the journey from Africa to the Americas
The Middle Passage
Describe the conditions on board transatlantic slave ships
Describe the difference in conditions between the First and Second Fleet
The First Fleet was a longer journey, but prisoners were kept in a better situation than enslaved Africans and troops. The efforts to ensure prisoner health taken on the First Fleet were relatively successful, resulting in 48 deaths from almost 1,500 people. On the Second Fleet the conditions were much worse, and many people died as a result. The second fleet was cramped, unhygienic, lacked air, lacked adequate supplies. 267 out of 1006 prisoners died.
What did the Gweagal (Dharawal People) say when they saw the ships of the first fleet? What did it mean?
Warra Warra Wai - meaning you're all dead/spirits/ghosts. They believed the ships and people were spirits.
Give an example of a new invention created during the Industrial Revolution
Steam engine, spinning jenny, dynamite, typewriter, steam locomotive, telegraph, sewing machine
Name what was traded FROM each region (100 pts per correct answer)
Americas - Raw materials
Britain/Europe - Manufactured goods
Africa - Enslaved people
What is the name of the collection of routes that helped enslaved people escape slavery? (Bonus 100 points for where these routes led to)
The Underground Railroad which helped people escape from the South to the North, in some cases as far north as Canada.
Outline what crime and punishment was like in the colony, providing an example of some of the punishments used.
Very harsh, strict, punishments such as lashings eg cat-o-nine-tails, chain gang, hanging.
Where did the Appin massacre take place? (Hint - don't say Appin)
Cataract Dam
What was the agricultural revolution?
A period of significant advancements/improvements in farming techniques, practises and technologies, leading to a dramatic increase in food production and agricultural output.
Name 4 types of goods that were traded (either raw or manufactured)
Raw: cotton, wood/timber, sugar, tobacco, rice, iron
Manufactured: Cloth, guns, ammunition, alcohol, furniture
Why is Harriet Tubman a significant historical figure?
Harriet Tubman was an abolitionist who escaped slavery, and then worked along the Underground Railroad, helping to free other enslaved people (approximately 70 people). During the American Civil War she worked as a nurse and spy.
Why was it necessary for the colonists/free settlers to enforce such strict law, order and punishments for convicts?
Convicts outnumbered the guards, if they lost control of the convicts they wouldn't be able to regain it. They needed to scare people into following the rules and make examples out of people who didn't. They relied on the convicts' labour for survival, so needed their cooperation.
Who was Pemulwuy? Why is he a significant historical figure?
Pemulwuy was an Aboriginal (Bidjigal) warrior who resisted colonisation. Pemulwuy lead a series of raids/attacks on the British invaders. Student response for why he is significant.
What was the final stage of the Industrial revolution?
New technology in began to spread from Britain to Europe, North America & Asia
Explain how the Triangular Trade worked, starting in Africa, ending in Europe using an example of what was traded to create a final product.
Eg Enslaved people were transported from Africa, and may have be transported to work on a cotton plantation. The cotton they harvested may have then been traded as a raw good to Britain where it was then transformed into clothing or fabric, which was then traded to Africa.
Explain the short and long term impacts of the transatlantic slave trade on different regions (3 impacts)
Short-term: economic prosperity for Britain, displacement of millions of African people, trauma, profit for African slave-traders,
Long-term: Contributions to the Industrial revolution, stagnation/decline of Africa's economy, building America, social divides and racism that continues to this day
What were the major challenges they faced in the early years in the colony?
Unfamiliar landscape + animals, different climate, different conditions, lack of recognisable food and agriculture, famine, law and order, conflict with Aboriginal Peoples, disease.
How did British Invasion and Colonisation Impact Indigenous Peoples in Australia? How do we know this/what sources do we retrieve this information from?
Student response