Macromolecules
What are the four macromolecules?
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different?
Eukaryotic cells have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic don't.
_______________ is the first stage of the cell cycle.
Interphase
In which kind of cell concentration is the concentration higher outside the cell than inside?
Hypertonic
What is the difference between hydrophilic substances and hydrophobic substances?
Hydrophilic substances "love" water and can be dissolved in water; hydrophobic substances "hate" water and will not mix with water
________________ _______________ is the reaction that connects monomers.
Dehydration synthesis
What are the three tenets of classic Cell Theory?
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
________________ is the final stage of the cell cycle.
Cytokinesis
Which kind of cell concentration is generally best to have inside the body?
Isotonic
____________________, ______________________, and polysaccharides are the three kinds of carbohydrates.
__________________ is the reaction that breaks down polymers.
Hydrolysis
What are the four parts of the cell membrane?
How are mitosis and meiosis different?
Mitosis produces identical copies of DNA, meiosis produces random half copies of DNA.
What is it called when the concentration is the same outside the cell as inside the cell? What happens in this situation?
Isotonic; the cell remains the same
_______________ is a polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants.
Cellulose
Which macromolecule is made of C, H, O, and N?
Protein
How are passive and active transport different?
Passive transport doesn't require energy input because it moves down the concentration gradient; active transport requires energy input because it moves up the concentration gradient.
What happens during cytokinesis?
The cytoplasm splits, dividing the cell in two.
A solution with a concentration of 5 g/ml outside the cell and 10 g/ml inside the cell is an example of a ________________ solution. What would happen to it?
hypotonic; the cell would grow
They contain hydrogen-carbon bonds
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
How is facilitated diffusion different from normal diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion moves through a protein because it cannot move through the phospholipid bilayer.
What happens during interphase?
The cell grows, copies DNA, and does its normal jobs
A solution with a concentration of 10 g/ml outside the cell and 5 g/ml inside the cell is an example of a ________________ solution. What would happen to it?
Hypertonic; the cell would dry out
How are saturated fats and unsaturated fats different (chemically and physically)
Saturated fats contain the maximum amount of hydrogen bonded to carbon, unsaturated fats do not. Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, unsaturated are liquid