HISTORICAL ERAS
Small, mobile bands living by hunting and gathering describe which era?
Paleolithic Era
What feature of civilization includes canals, roads, and walls?
Public Works
Which two rivers surround Mesopotamia?
Tigris and Euphrates
Which river was essential to Egyptian civilization?
Nile
The Hittites were skilled in producing tools and weapons from what metal?
Iron
Permanent settlements and farming mark the beginning of which era?
A society divided into classes like rulers, priests, and farmers demonstrates what feature?
Social Classes
Sumer was organized into independent political units known as what?
City-states
Which Egyptian kingdom is known for building the pyramids?
Old Kingdom
The Phoenicians were famous for what economic activity?
maritime trade
The first major cities appear in which era?
Bronze Age
The ability to record laws, business, and religious texts is made possible by what feature?
Written language
What writing system did the Sumerians invent?
Cuneiform
Which pharaoh was a woman who expanded Egypt’s trade networks?
Hatshepsut
What writing system created by the Phoenicians & a later influence at it had _________.
Phoenician alphabet
What new technology allowed empires to expand farther during the Iron Age?
Iron Weapons
What civilization feature allowed people to work as artisans, builders, priests, and scribes instead of only farmers?
Which empire was the first empire in world history?
Akkad
Which pharaoh attempted to change Egypt’s religion to worship a single god, Aten?
Akhenaten
What were the capitals of the Northern & Southern kingdoms of the Israelites
Jerusalem & Samaria
Name one major social or economic change that farming caused compared to the Paleolithic Era.
population growth, job specialization, villages
Name two features that together help define civilization.
Cities
Organized government
Structured religion
Social classes
Job specialization
Public works (irrigation, roads, walls, etc.)
Writing systems
Artistic and architectural achievements
Name one way the Neo-Babylonians strengthened Babylon after the fall of Assyria.
rebuilding walls, luxury buildings, population relocation
Name one major reason the New Kingdom became a powerful empire: Provide an example
What is military expansion, conquest, wealth
What repeating cycle defined the Israelite era of the Judges?
sin → oppression → repentance → deliverance