Gunpowder Empires
Explain two reasons why Akbar was known as "The Great" and Suleiman was known as "The Magnificent"
1. BothExpanded their Empires
2. Both tolerant of diverse religions and cultures
What were the three key motivations for explorers trying to find a western sea route to Asia?
God, Gold, and Glory
List 2 reasons why the Spanish were able to conquer the Aztecs and Incas.
Disease, Superior Weapons, Alliances, and they were clueless, not realizing the Spanish were going to try to conquer them.
What determined someone's social class in Spanish America?
Ethnicity.
What was the Atlantic Slave Trade?
Millions of Enslaved Africans were transported to the New World from the 15th-19th centuries to fulfill labor need due to Native Americans dying rapidly and to help European nations and colonies get rich
In which modern day country were the Mughals centered in?
India
List four factors / developments that made the Age of Exploration possible.
Magnetic Compass
Used to help direct sailors
Astrolabe
Helped determine latitude, which helped sailors understand their location
Caravel
Lighter, Faster, hold much cargo, and could make long voyages, which contrasted with previous ships
Cartography
Study of mapmaking. Improvements made in map making and understanding currents.
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain
They decide to fund Columbus’s voyage due to religious and financial motivations despite their doubts on it being possible to sail west to Asia.
Which three key areas were involved in the Triangular Trade?
Europe, Africa, and the Americas
What was the encomienda system?
Spanish forced Native Americans to work long hours mining gold and silver and farming to bring resources to Spain to help mother country get rich.
In return, Native Americans provided “protection” and learn Christian values and beliefs
What was the Middle Passage?
Part of journey across the Atlantic Ocean on the ships in which enslaved Africans suffered from numerous hardships and many died
Explain two reasons why the Ottomans were able to thrive off of trade.
1. Control of Mediterranean Sea
2. Control of Silk Road
Define the Old World and the New World
Old World - Europe, Asia, Africa
New World - the Americas
Why did powerful European nations care so much about colonizing areas in the New World?
They became rich off of the metals, then manufactured the raw materials into finished products to sell for much more to Africa and the colonies.
Why did Europeans decide to buy slaves from Africa to work in the New World rather than having the indigenous natives work for them?
Combination of smallpox and hard labor led to most of Native population dying.
How did the Atlantic Slave Trade impact Africa's development?
Led to draining of working population and being dependent on trading away slaves to receive resources from European nations
What was the key difference between the Safavids and the Ottomans concerning their beliefs?
Ottomans practiced religious tolerance and were mainly Sunni Muslims meanwhile the Safavids killed and exiled Sunni Muslims and the Safavids were Shia Muslims
List 2 famous explorers we learned about and explain why they were famous.
Amerigo Vespucci
Sailed for Spain. First to figure out Americas were not Asia and America named after him.
Ferdinand Magellan
Sailed for Spain. First person to circumnavigate the world.
Juan Ponce de Leon
Sailed for Spain Discovered Florida and Puerto Rico.
Christopher Columbus
Sailed for Spain. Discovered the New World, led to the Age of Exploration.
Vasco Da Gama
Sailed for Portugal.First European to reach India by sea and connect Europe to Asia by ocean route.
Henry the Navigator
Portuguese Explorer, Did not go on many expeditions, but sent many expeditions from Portugal to the west coast of Africa, and was responsible for Portugal's influence in the Age of Exploration
Define mercantilism.
economics system of a country selling more than what they are buying from their colonies to benefit greatly financially
Why did Bartolome de Las Casas go to the New World and spend much time there?
Spanish Priest who went to spread Christianity to Native populations
Explain two reasons why 1453 was an important date in history (1 short-term and 1 long-term)
Short-Term: Captured Constantinople, which effectively ended the Byzantine Empire
Long-Term: Controlling the Silk Road inspired the Age of Exploration in Western Europe
What was the Columbian Exchange?
Exchange of people, ideas, goods, and disease including animals, foods, and plants after Columbus’s voyages between the Old World and New World
List 4 social classes in Spanish America
Peninsulares: Born in Spain
Creoles: Spanish descent, but born in Americas
Mestizos: Mix of Native American and Spanish blood
Mulattoes: Mix of African and Spanish blood.
Native Americans
African Slaves
What did Bartolome de Las Casas focus much on in his diaries?
Wrote much about suffering Native Americans faced under encomienda system and was vocal against it