EARTHQUAKES
What is the shaking of Earth’s crust caused by shifting rocks?
Earthquake
What instrument records seismic waves?
Seismograph
What is melted rock below Earth’s surface called?
Magma
Which type of volcano is wide with gentle slopes?
Shield volcano
What bowl-shaped opening is found at the top of a volcano?
Crater
What is a crack in Earth’s crust where movement happens?
Fault
Which seismic waves are the fastest?
P waves
What do we call magma once it reaches Earth’s surface?
Lava
Which type of volcano is usually smaller with steep sides?
Cinder cone
What area surrounding the Pacific Ocean contains many volcanoes?
Ring of Fire
Most earthquakes occur near these places where Earth’s plates meet.
Plate boundaries
Which seismic waves travel through solids but NOT liquids?
S waves
What is the underground area where magma collects?
Magma chamber
Which type of volcano is tall and steep and is made of layers of lava, ash, and rock?
Composite volcano
What dangerous volcanic event is a fast-moving mixture of hot ash and gas?
Pyroclastic flow
What happens to cause an earthquake after stress builds in rocks?
The stress is suddenly released.
Which seismic waves are the slowest but cause the most damage?
Surface waves
What is the opening through which magma travels toward Earth’s surface?
Vent
Pieces of volcanic material are thrown out of a volcano and pile up around its vent. What type of volcano is being formed?
Cinder cone
What is the difference between how a hot spring and a geyser release heated underground water?
A hot spring’s heated water rises to the surface, while a geyser traps heated water until pressure builds and it bursts out.
An earthquake occurs underneath the ocean. What dangerous event could it cause?
A tsunami
Name the three steps you should follow to protect yourself during an earthquake.
Drop, Cover, and Hold On
What causes a volcano to erupt?
Pressure builds underground.
Think FLOW, PILE, LAYERS. Which volcano matches each word?
Shield = flow, Cinder Cone = pile, Composite = layers
Explain the three things that happen underground before a geyser erupts.
Magma heats underground water, the water becomes trapped, and pressure builds until the water bursts out.