400
Were there any changes to the play, adaptations, sequels? If so, name one.
If able to name 2, you get 100 extra points
Many plays were written in direct and explicit response to Ibsen’s drama:
1881, The Norwegian M.J. Bugge published his How Nora Returned Home Again: An Epilogue
1881, New Theater in Helsinki presented F. Wahlberg’s The Impossible Possible
In Britain, a parody of the drama actually preceded the play
March 3rd, 1884 – An adaptation by Henry Arthur Jones and Henry Herman Breaking a Butterfly premiered at the Prince’s Theater in London
There have also been many adaptations of the Nora character:
Clare Booth Luce, 1970 – slammed the door softly, lives in a comfortable middle-class suburb of New York, she is liberated by the pill from inevitable motherhood, liberated intellectually by her education, and liberated from culturally conditioned self-deprecation by feminist writers.
Esther Vilar – returns to her husband only to treat him as a doll
Bruno Olsen and Elfriede Jelinek in What Happened after Nora Had Left her Husband or Pillars of Societies, 1977, starts off as a factory worker, but soon she returns to a second doll’s existence at the side of a capitalist magnate.
Tormod Skagestad – sequel, Nora Helmer, opens with Nora’s return, the day after she has left. She reached the conclusion that she cannot manage alone, since she has not learned anything. She stays in Helmer’s house but insists that they remain separated. Helmer, attempting to win her back, spoils her with expensive presents paid with money from the bank.