Segregation in Chicago
Known as the "Deadline," this street divided the Black Belt from Packingtown/Bridgeport.
What is Wentworth Avenue?
This pest lowered cotton worker wages and was a push factor driving Black southerners to Chicago.
What is the boll weevil?
Following World War I, this stockyard owner used police to break up union meetings.
Who was Louis Swift?
This mayoral candidate was accused by white Catholic immigrant groups of being to close to the Black community in Chicago.
Who was Big Bill Thompson?
These homeowner and real estate agent groups agreed to not sell property to Black Chicagoans outside of the Black belt.
What are protective associations?
These two civic organizations were crucial to preparing and assimilating southerners to work in the stockyards.
What are the YMCA and Chicago Urban League?
This union provided an early example in 1903 of why Black Chicagoans did not trust white union leaders after replacing black members with white women.
What was the Culinary Alliance?
Black Chicagoans gained voting power by willing to support what political party?
What is the Democratic or Republican party?
These groups pressured neighborhood members to support the city council members who sponsored them
What are athletic clubs?
Swift and fellow meatpacking owners profited greatly from the use of Black workers in World War I by creating these after work groups to improve workers' skill and education
What were "efficiency clubs"?
This leader in 1904 tried to build a more inclusive meatpacker's union by leading meetings in different languages and inviting leaders from multiple white ethnic groups. women, and Black workers.
Who was Michael Donnelly?
Irish city council members supported their community by awarding what to fellow Catholics
What are city jobs? (Police, fire, sanitation)
During and after the riots, this athletic club was led by a future mayor and still exists as a Bridgeport social organization
What is the Hamburg Athletic Club?
This media organization distributed its news via train throughout the nation, helping to inspire the Great Migration.
What is the Chicago Defender?
The Stockyard Labor Council's effort to build a cross-racial union to demand higher wages after World War I ended when Black workers replaced white union workers at what area factory?
What is the Argo corn refinery?
Big Bill Thompson refuses to call in this to restore order during the riots
What was the Illinois state militia (or Illinois National Guard)?
This bank owner's offices were bombed repeatedly as he supported Black customers efforts to buy homes in Chicago.
Who was Jesse Binga?
Because of World War I, the US effectively ended this, requiring an internal movement of workers instead.
What is immigration?
Who/what finally awarded stockyard workers an 8 hour day and better wages?
This Black leader successfully led a resistance to increase white demands for segregated schools.
Who was Ida B. Wells?