History of Statistics
Basic Terminologies
Data Collection Methods
Sampling
100

Name the year when the term "statistics" was first introduced.

1663

100

What is "sample size"

Sample size refers to the number of observations or data points collected in a sample from a population for the purpose of statistical analysis.

100

 Explain the difference between primary and secondary data sources.

Primary data is directly collected from the source. Secondary data is collected from existing sources.

100

Name a sampling method that involves dividing the population into strata and selecting samples from each stratum.

Stratified sampling

200

Who is known as the father of statistics?

Ronald Fisher

200

Define "variable."

A characteristic or attribute that can assume different values.

200

Describe "snowball sampling."

Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances. This method is often used in research settings where the potential subjects are hard to find.

200

What is sampling?

 Sampling is the process of selecting a subset of individuals from a population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.

300

Identify the century when the probability theory, a cornerstone of modern statistics, began to develop.

 The 17th century

300

Define "bias" in statistics.

Bias is a systematic error that leads to an incorrect estimate of the effect of a variable by favoring outcomes or interpretations that deviate from the true value.


300

What is the most common method of data collection in surveys?

Questionnaires

300

Describe "cluster sampling."

Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into separate groups, called clusters, and a sample of these clusters is selected to represent the population.

400

What major event in the 19th century significantly advanced the field of statistics for social science?

The British census of 1801

400

What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?

Descriptive statistics summarize and describe the features of a data set; inferential statistics use a random sample of data taken from a population to describe and make inferences about the population.

400

Name a qualitative data collection method that involves a detailed examination of a single subject or entity.

Case study

400

What is the main disadvantage of convenience sampling?

It may not represent the whole population well because it relies on the availability and easy accessibility of subjects.

500

Describe the significance of the Normal Distribution in the history of statistics.

It forms the basis of many statistical tests and models, introduced by Carl Friedrich Gauss.

500

What term describes the complete set of items that share at least one property of interest?

Population

500

Describe "experimental research."

Experimental research involves manipulating one variable to determine if changes in one variable cause changes in another variable.

500

Explain how sampling bias can affect research outcomes.

Sampling bias occurs when some members of the population have a higher chance of being included in the sample than others, leading to a sample that is not representative of the population.