Aim, BG and Research
What is the Research Method?
Laboratory Experiment
What kind of sampling was it?
Opportunity sampling
What is the IV and DV?
IV = whether they doodled or not.
DV = The responses to the 2 tasks to measure recall
The doodling group recalled 28% more places and names than the control on average.
(True or false?)
False (it was 29%)
Did this study have any ethical issues? If any, what were they?
Yes. Participants were unable to give fully informed consent thus they weren't able to fully withdraw from the experiment.
What is the Research Design and How?
Independent measures design was implemented as participants were either in the doodling or control group.
Where were the participants recruited from?
participant panel at the Medical Research Council unit for cognitive research
What data did they collect and what type of data was it?
- Quantitative data
- NUMBERS of names and places they got correct
How many people made false alarms in the control group
5 false alarms
How was doodling operationlized
What is the aim?
To find out whether doodling assisted information processing by increasing attentiveness or by enhancing memory.
What were the incentives given to participate
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How did they measure the memory scores?
Correct answers minus false alarms
Which group scored the highest and by how much?
Doodling group by a mean of 7.5 names and places
Was the sample generalisable and why? (Give at least 3 reasons)
no, because
- Unequal gender distribution ratio
- Sample size too little
- Because they all came from the same place (Rec
How was doodling defined in the experiment?
Andrade defines doodling as sketching patterns or figures that are unrelated to the primary task.
Describe the sample (At least 3)
- 40 participants
- They were aged 18-55 years
- 35 women and 5 male
- They were paid a small sum for participation
- Members of the Medical Research Council of the Applied Psychology Unit
How was the study standardised
All participants listened to the same dull telephone call about a party for 2.5 minutes, at a recorded speed of 227wpm (words per minute).
How the results can be distorted and how was it counterbalanced, if any
some participants experience daydreams
Participants were given an unexpected task, which may cause them to feel distressed if they were unable to remember the names of the places.
Define working memory model
This model of memory suggests that two different types of current or 'working' memory can be used at the same time, one is vis spatial and the other auditory. These are governed by an overall 'central executive'.
How were the participants grouped? (Mention the gender distribution in each group)
- Divided into 2 groups (Doodling and Control)
- 20 participants in each group.
- 2 males in the control group and 3 males in the doodling group
List what was done to improve the Validity of the test? (minimum 3)
- The order of tests was counterbalanced to reduce order effects
- There was a surprise task
- plausible mishearings were counted as correct
- Operationalizing doodling <3
- Done when they're about to go home, listened to boring monotonous call, sat in a quiet room, which resulted them to be more likely to be bored.
Did doodling impair participants' results? (explain why)
No, because according to the results doodling helps concentration on a primary task as doodling participants performed better than participants who only listened to the primary task.
What is one negative outcome of a person misinterpreting the conclusion of the study?
People may have tried drawing to help focus instead of doodling, their version of the results may be the exact opposite of the study resulting in confusion, self-doubt, thus causing psychological harm.