A & P 501 Jeopardy

Brachial Plexus

100

What nerve is highlighted 

                                                    ^

                                 

Medial Pectoral Nerve

200

Why is there a C8 cord and where is it located?

There is a C8 nerve because the cervical vertebrae roots all originate above the vertebrae, while thoracic vertebrae roots originate below vertebrae. 

The C8 root is below C7 vertebrae and above T1

300

Which terminal nerves create "the M" of the brachial plexus

Musculocutaneous, Median, and Ulnar nerves

400

Your patient has an injury to the Posterior Cord, name 4 nerves which may be affected?

Upper Subscapular n., Thoracodorsal n., Lower Subscapular n., axillary n., radial n. 

500

An injury at the musculocutaneous nerve could have come from which root?

Bonus: Which muscles/ actions may be hindered?

C5, C6, and C7

Elbow flexion, shoulder flexion, shoulder adduction

Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis

Rotator Cuff

100

Name this muscle 

Infraspinatis

200

Which of the following is NOT a rotator cuff muscle?

a) Teres minor

b) Teres major

c) Subscapularis

d) Infraspinatis

Teres Major

300

A patient presents with difficulty initiating shoulder internal rotation. Which muscle is likely affected?

Subscapularis

400

What is the origin, insertion, nerve innervation, and action of the teres minor

O: Halfway down lateral border of scapula

I: Greater tubercle 

N: Axillary n.

A: External rotation & act with other RC muscles

500

Name the two coracoclavicular ligaments

Conoid and Trapezoid Ligaments

Upper Arm

100

Which of the following is innervated by the radial n?

A) Biceps Brachii

B) Coracobrachialis

C) Triceps Brachii

D) Deltoid

C) Triceps Brachii

200

You are explaining bicipital tendonitis to a patient. Using anatomical terminology, describe the location of the long head of the biceps tendon and why it is prone to inflammation.

The long head of the biceps tendon originates on the supraglenoid tubercle and travels in the shoulder joint. 

Inflammation from irritation during shoulder movements from transverse humeral ligament repeated friction and compression with acromion hood.

300

You are palpating a patient’s anterior upper arm and want to differentiate between the biceps brachii short head and coracobrachialis. Describe the landmarks and movements you would use to identify each muscle.

Biceps Brachii inserts onto radial tuberosity; Elbow flexion

Coracobrachialis inserts medial aspect halfway down humerus ; adduction and shoulder flexion

400

What is the origin, insertion, nerve innervation, and action of the anconeus

O: Lateral Epicondyle of the humerus

I: lateral surface of olecranon and posterior ulna

N: Radial n.

A: elbow extension

500

What is the arterial blood flow from heart to upper arm (5 arteries)

Bonus: What 2 muscular structures help separate the regions?

Brachiocephalic artery -> Subclavian artery -> Axillary Artery -> Brachial Artery

Anterior Scalene helps separate the Subclavian and Axillary arteries

Pectoralis Minor helps separate the Axillary and Brachial arteries

Forearm

100

Why can you ulnar deviate more than radially deviate?

Styloid process of radius is longer than styloid process of ulna

200

Does the radius turn over the ulna at distal or proximal end

Distal

300

What are the four most superficial forearm flexors?

Pronate teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

400

A patient has difficulty performing pronation of the forearm. Using your anatomical knowledge, identify two muscles involved in supination and their innervations.

Pronator Teres: Median n. 

Pronator Quadratus: Anterior Interosseous nerve from median n.

500

A patient presents with difficulty flexing the distal phalanx of the index finger. How would you use your understanding of forearm anatomy to determine whether the lesion is at the anterior interosseous nerve or a more proximal median nerve injury?

Flexion of the distal phalanx of the index finger is performed by the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) to the index, innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve

Other

100

What plane and axis is abduction of the shoulder joint. 

Coronal plane and Anteroposterior axis

200

What makes a synovial joint a synovial joint?

Give one example of a synovial joint

Synovial membrane, synovial cavity, and synovial fluid

300

What bone is this and what is the protrusion coming off of it called?

Hamate and hook of hamate

400

Describe isometric vs isotonic contractions and their respective types

Isometric: Muscle length remains the same but muscle tension is generated

Isotonic: Muscle length changes with production of movement

- Concentric: Contracting muscle that shortens under force

- Eccentric: Contracting muscle that lengthens under force

500

A patient presents with winging of the scapula after surgery. Analyze which nerve is likely affected and which muscle is not functioning properly.

Long thoracic nerve, 

Serratus Anterior