The Brain and Cranial Nerves
What network of neurons is essential for alertness and helps the brain sift through sensory information to decide what is relevant?
Reticular Activating System (RAS)
Is the sympathetic or parasympathetic response longer lasting and more widespread?
Sympathetic response
Do upper or lower motor neurons originate in the cerebral cortex?
Upper motor neurons
Which special sense bypasses the thalamus and goes straight to the limbic system?
Smell (olfaction)
In the video that was shown in class, what part of the brain was not functioning properly in the cat?
Cerebellum
Cerebrospinal fluid is stored where in the brain?
Ventricles
Somatic motor neurons only use which neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
What type of receptor is located at or near the body surface and provides information about the external environment?
Exteroceptors
The hearing pathway begins when sound waves strike and vibrate which structure of the ear?
Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
What is the name of a cluster of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that acts as a relay station for nerve signals?
Ganglion
Which brain structure consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus?
Diencephalon
What condition causes the fingers, toes, nose, and ears to turn white, blue, and then red in response to cold temperatures or stress?
Raynaud Phenomenon
Which order of neurons carry impulses from the brain stem and spinal cord to the thalamus?
Second-order neurons
Which photoreceptor produces color vision?
Cones
What type of stroke occurs when a blood vessel in or around the brain ruptures and bleeds?
Hemorrhagic stroke
Which functional area of the cerebrum is responsible for the ability to comprehend words?
Wernicke's area
Which area of the brain regulates autonomic tone?
Hypothalamus
A rapid breeze causes your hairs to shift on your arms and legs. Which sensory receptor is stimulated?
Hair root plexus
What is it called when the eyeball is shorter than it should be?
Hyperopia (farsightedness)
What type of corpuscle resembles a sliced onion and responds to high-frequency vibrations, such as the vibrations you feel when you use a power drill?
Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscle
The corpus callosum is an example of which type of white matter tract that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain?
Commissural Tract
What is the name of the specialized cells in the adrenal medullae (inner portion of the adrenal glands in the kidney) that secrete the neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Chromaffin cells
What are the three areas with the highest density of somatic sensory receptors? You must get at least two out of three to get the points.
Tongue, lips, and fingertips
Which papillae on the tongue increase surface area but do not aid in direct gustation?
Filiform papillae
What is the relay station in the thalamus that processes and relays visual information from the retina to the primary visual cortex?
Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)