Categorically Speaking
This graph uses rectangular bars to show the frequency or relative frequency of categories.
What is a bar graph?
This is the type of frequency which is calculated when dividing a row or column total by the overall total.
What is marginal relative frequency?
The shape of a graph if the right side of the graph is much longer than the left side.
What is a skewed right distribution?
The five-number summary includes the minimum, Q1, median, Q3, and this final value
What is a maximum?
This is the science and art of collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from the data.
What is statistics?
This is the main reason that we sometimes have to use relative frequency bar graphs instead of just frequency bar graphs.
What is comparing categories with different number of observations?
This is the percentage of people in one specific cell.
What is joint relative frequency?
These five aspects are used to describe the graph.
What is context, shape, outliers, center, and spread?
This measure of center is resistant to extreme values and is often used when a dataset contains outliers.
What is the median?
“Gender”, “Region”, and “preferred communication” are examples of this type of variable.
What is a categorical variable?
You are given data about different students in different clubs. This is the first step when you are constructing a bar graph for this data.
What is labeling the x and y-axis?
When differences in the corresponding conditional relative frequencies exist, there is a __ between variables.
What is an association?
The graph that is the best choice to use when there are a large number of observations
What is a stemplot?
A data point is considered an outlier if it is more than this many IQRs above Q3 or below Q1.
What is 1.5?
In a data table, each row represents one of these, which could be a person, household, or item being measured.
What is an individual?
You have categorical data for four types of pet preferences and want to compare this distribution across 2 different schools. This kind of bar graph you should use and this is why you should use it.
What is a segmented bar graph, or side by side bar graph, to compare relative frequencies for each type of pet preference?
This would happen to the comparative bar graphs if there is no association between the two variables.
What is that the comparative bar graphs of the distribution of one variable for each value of the other variable will be identical?
These are phrases to use when comparing distributions
What is “is greater than”? or What is “is approximately the same as”?
This measure combines the center and spread of a distribution by calculating the average of the squared deviations from the mean.
What is Variance?
This type of quantitative variable results from measurements and can take any value within an interval.
What is Continuous Variable?
A bar graph has a y-axis that starts at 70 instead of 0. This is the reason the bar graph is misleading
What is exaggerating differences between categories to make small differences look larger?
This is the conditional distribution of management level for public college graduates, in percents.
What is 4.2% for high management positions from public colleges, 54.4% for medium management positions from public colleges, and 41.4% for low management positions from public colleges?
This is what to use on the vertical axis when comparing distributions with different numbers of observations.
What is percents or proportions instead of counts?
In a right-skewed distribution, the mean is likely to be this relative to the median, which often causes the standard deviation to appear higher than the interquartile range.
What is greater than?
In a study, Blake records a highway gas mileage, car weight, and whether a car has a navigation system. These variables are categorical and these variables are continuous quantitative.
What is the navigational system (categorical), and Car weight and gas mileage (continuous quantitative)?