ACSM Cold Weather Guidelines
What is layering clothing?
This mild cold injury causes numb, pale skin whiteout permanent tissue freezing.
What is frostnip?
This condition is defined as a core temperature below 35C.
What is hypothermia?
Polar explorers rely heavily on this macronutrient due to its high energy density per gram.
What is fat?
Raising muscle temperature before competition improves enzyme activity through this preparation activity.
What is a warm-up?
According to ACSM, athletes should avoid cotton because it increases this form of heat loss when wet.
What is conductive (or evaporative) heat loss?
Ice crystal formation inside tissues characterizes this severe cold injury described in wilderness medicine journals.
What is frostbite?
Uncontrolled muscle contractions that generate heat during early hypothermia are known as this.
Continuing movement during expeditions help maintain this source of body heat.
What is metabolic heat production?
Heat production without muscle contractions, involving metabolic processes, is called this.
What is non-shivering thermogenesis?
ACSM guidelines emphasize maintain this body regions temperature because excessive loss threatens survival first.
What is the core (core body temperature)?
Rubbing frozen skin worsens injury because it increases this type of cellular damage.
What is tissue damage (mechanical cell damage)?
This dangerous temperature drop occurs hen cold blood from extremities returns to the core during exercise.
What is after drop?
Snow caves protect explorers because snow provides this thermal property.
What is insulation?
What is evaporative heat loss?
What are calories (or energy intake/carbohydrates)?
Rapid rewarming is delayed if refreezing risk exists because it increases this complication.
What is severe tissue destruction?
Confusion and poor judgement occur because cold slows this physiological system controlling cognition.
What is the nervous system?
Many expedition accidents occur between hypothermia impairs this cognitive ability needed for safe decisions.
What is decision-making?
Increased calorie needs during cold training occur because athletes must maintain this physiological process.
What is thermoregulation?
Gradual exposure to cold training environments develops this physiological adjustment improving tolerance
Reduced blood flow during cold exposure protects the core but increasers risk of peripheral injury.
What is vasoconstriction?
Severe hypothermia increases risk of this fatal cardiac rhythm disturbance noted in rescue case studies.
What is ventricular fibrillation?
What is conduction (heat loss)?
What is acclimatization?