Properties of Water
What type of intermolecular interaction between water molecules is responsible for its high surface tension?
Hydrogen bonding
Which plant organ is primarily responsible for mineral uptake and what structure increases its surface area?
Root/root hairs
What is the functional role of the filament in the stamen?
Holds up the anther for effective pollen dispersal
In which organelle does photosynthesis occur, and what is the primary pigment involved?
chloroplast
Where are stomata located in a plant?
How does cohesion contribute to water transport in plants?
It allows water molecules to stick together, forming a continuous column in xylem
Name 2 functions of a plant stem.
Contains vascular tissue for transport and supportive tissues
How does the structure of the stigma aid in fertilization?
Sticky surface traps pollen
Compare vascular tissue arrangement in monocots vs dicots.
Monocots = scattered; dicots = organized in rings
Plants with fruit/flowers are known as _________.
Plants w/o fruit/flowers are known as __________.
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm
Explain how adhesion contributes to water movement in narrow plant vessels.
Water molecules stick to xylem walls, helping counteract gravity and maintain upward movement
Name 2 processes that occur within plant leaves
respiration and photosynthesis
Which structure carries pollen to the plant ovary.
Style
Compare the leaves of monocots and dicots.
Dicots--branchlike
Give an example of a gymnosperm and an angiosperm.
Gymnosperm (conifers)
Angiosperm (many answers apply)
Describe how capillary action results from the combined effects of cohesion and adhesion.
Adhesion pulls water up surfaces while cohesion pulls additional water molecules along
List the two types of vascular tissue found in a stem as well as what each type of tissue carries.
xylem--water
phloem-- food
Name all female plant parts and all male plant parts.
female--stigma, style, ovary
Male--anther, filament
monocots--multiples of 3s
Dictos, multiples of 4s, 5s
What is the function of cutin in plants?
Prevent water loss
If a plant cell is placed in a solution with a lower (more negative) water potential than the cell, what direction will water move and why?
Water moves out of the cell because it moves toward lower (more negative) water potential
Compare the functions of dermal, vascular, and ground tissue systems.
Dermal = protection; vascular = transport; ground = photosynthesis, storage, support
Predict the effect of removing sepals from a developing flower bud.
Reduced protection → increased vulnerability to damage/desiccation
Describe two evolutionary advantages that vascular tissue provides pteridophytes over bryophytes.
Improved water transport and structural support → allows greater size and survival in diverse environments
List characteristics of a bryophyte
no vascular tissue
no true leaves
no flowers
no true roots
no true stems