1.1 & 1.2 - Cosmic Scale & Historical Astronomy
In a calendar representation of the history of the universe, humans appear in this month.
What is December?
We can imagine the night sky as being projected onto this imaginary object, around the Earth.
What is the celestial sphere?
The band of the electromagnetic spectrum with the highest photon energy
What is gamma ray?
A substellar object which burns deuterium.
What is a brown dwarf?
The age of the universe
What is 13.6 billion years?
The time it would take an observer on the surface of the Earth to find out that the Sun had stopped producing light.
What is 8 minutes?
The location directly above the observer
What is the Zenith?
The type of telescope most commonly used for modern observations.
What is a reflector?
Luminosity affected by distance from the source
What is brightness?
Gravity is directly proportional to this aspect of an object.
mass
Hipparchus' detailed measurements of the stars allowed him to discover this process, where the "wobble" in the Earth's tilt leads to changes in the North Star every 26,000 years.
What is precession?
The combined effect of the Sun and Moon leads to these enhanced water levels
What are spring tides?
The shift in spectral lines seen when the source of the lines is moving.
What is the Doppler effect?
Units used for distance based on perceived parallax shift
What is a parsec?
Description of the intensity of gravity with distance
inverse square law
An observation of the behavior of the planet Mars (among others) which is difficult to explain the geocentric model, but more straight forward under heliocentrism
What is retrograde motion?
This type of day refers to when the Earth reaches the same position again with a distant star.
What is sidereal?
The bands of light which best penetrate the Earth's atmosphere are radio and ______________.
What is visible light?
The apparent motion of an object in the sky over long periods of time due to its space velocity.
What is proper motion?
The type of line spectrum seen when an electron moves to a lower energy orbital
What is an emission spectrum?
The discoverer of Jupiter's largest 4 moons
What is Galileo Galilei
The distinctive figure-eight shape formed by the highest point of the Sun throughout the year.
What is the analemma?
What is the inverse square law?
The stellar type (letter) of the lowest temperature stars.
What is M
Stellar magnitude values are different by this proportion.
2.512