INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Organism causing “sulfur granules” in cervicofacial actinomycosis?
Actinomyces israelii
Organ most commonly affected first in granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Upper respiratory tract
Neurotransmitter deficiency in restless legs syndrome?
Dopamine
Legal age for medical consent for emancipated minors in most U.S. states?
Age 18. Varies by state; emancipated minors can consent regardless of age
Cardiac manifestation of Fabry disease?
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Antibody most specific for primary sclerosing cholangitis
p-ANCA (perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody)
Organism causing meningoencephalitis after freshwater exposure?
Naegleria fowleri
Antibody in mixed connective tissue disease?
Anti-U1 RNP
EEG finding in hepatic encephalopathy?
Triphasic waves
Ethical principle requiring physicians to act in the patient's best interest?
Beneficence
Diagnostic criterion for ARDS (PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio)?
<300 mmHg (severe: <100)
Antibody associated with autoimmune pancreatitis type 1?
IgG4
Antibiotic causing gray baby syndrome?
Chloramphenicol
Classic skin manifestation of dermatomyositis?
Gottron papules
Antibody associated with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration in ovarian cancer?
Anti-Yo ((anti-Purkinje cell antibody)
Ethical framework for greatest good?
Utilitarianism
Pleural fluid pH in empyema?
<7.2
Organism identified by "PAS-positive" macrophages in Whipple disease?
Tropheryma Whipple
Diagnostic test that distinguishes Entamoeba histolytica from E. dispar?
Stool antigen detection or PCR
Crystal characteristics in calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease?
Rhomboid-shaped, or weakly positively birefringent
Protein accumulated in progressive supranuclear palsy?
Tau protein (4-repeat tau)
Physician who described circulation of blood?
William Harvey
Ion channel mutation in Brugada syndrome type 1?
SCN5A (sodium channel)
Enzyme deficiency in hereditary fructose intolerance
Aldolase B
Organism transmitted by Ixodes tick causing human granulocytic anaplasmosis?
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Antibody most specific for anti-synthetase syndrome?
Anti-Jo-1
Brainstem structure affected in "one-and-a-half syndrome"?
Paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) and ipsilateral MLF
Who Invented the stethoscope?
René Laënnec
ECG finding in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?
Epsilon wave in V1-V3
Gene mutation in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?
STK11 (LKB1) gene