Chapter 1: Aboriginal Societies
This is a form of decision making where everyone in the group must come to a decision together.
What is decision making by consensus?
These people arrived on the East Coast of Canada around the year 1000.
Who are the Norse? (Vikings is also acceptable)
The TWO names for the British colonies along the east coast of North America.
What are the Thirteen Colonies and New England?
This system of trade was used for hundreds of years between First Nations before Europeans arrived.
What the Barter System?
The names AND nationality of the two leaders involved in the Battle for Quebec.
Marquis de Montcalm – France
James Wolfe - England
The Haudenosaunee name given to corn, beans, and squash.
What is the Three Sisters?
Competition between these two faiths led to a religious reason for European countries to expand their empires.
What is Catholicism and Protestantism?
TWO reasons why the Thirteen Colonies were more successful than New France.
Answers may vary. Can include: Milder climate, more employment opportunities, open to a variety of religions and nationalities, trade with other countries, invested lots of money to create a strong military advantage over other countries.
This item fueled the fur trade in North America.
What is the beaver pelt hat?
The name of the First Nations chief who led sieges against British forts.
Who is Pontiac?
The term used to describe a society in which women were in charge, as opposed to men.
What is Matrilineal?
One of the first Coureurs de Bois. Participated in a cultural exchange.
Who is Etienne Brule?
The name, location and reason for extinction of a First Nation group studied in this chapter.
The Beothuk of Newfoundland. They became extinct due to conflict with British colonizers. Were killed and died of disease.
He was responsible for doubling the number of French colonists; he supported industries.
Who was Jean Talon?
The name of the two forts that England had to win if it wanted to defeat France.
What are Quebec Fortress and Louisbourg Fortress?
An economy that was not based on farming, but on food supply.
What is a hunter-gatherer economy?
The names of the two prominent roles in the Seigneurial System.
What are Seigneur and Habitant?
The reason why Fort Halifax was built and the Mi'kmaq reaction to it.
Halifax was built in response to the strong Fort Louisbourg that remained and was still in French possession. The Mi'kmaq were upset because the fort was on one of their campsites. They eventually declared war on the British
The names of the TWO rival fur trading companies at this time.
What are the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company?
Name a strength and weakness for Britain and France during the war for New France.
Answers may vary, may include:
Britain: Powerful navy, rich and prosperous colonies to provide help, Haudenosaunee allies; army not good in forest, big challenge to capture forts, fighting among 13 Colonies
France: Best army in Europe, strong fortresses, many First Nations allies; depended on France for supplies, vary large territory to defend, one entry to the colony, official could not agree on a defence policy
The three main aboriginal societies from this chapter AND where they lived.
What is the Mi'kmaq of the East Coast (Nova Scotia, PEI and New Brunswick); the Haudenosaunee of the North Eastern Woodlands (Great Lakes region); and the Anishinabe of Ontario and Manitoba.
The three main positions on the Sovereign Council.
What are the Governor, the Intendant and the Bishop?
Name the three prominent British explorers AND their accomplishments discussed in this chapter.
Henry Kelsey: Travelled as far west as Saskatchewan; created trade relationships with the Cree
Anthony Henday: Travelled as far as Red Deer; made contact with the Siksika people and learned about their culture
Samuel Hearne: Travelled north to find riches; was the first European to reach the Arctic Ocean
Two ways in which the way of life of First Nations changed with the advent of the fur trade.
Answers may vary, can include: Moved out of traditional territories to follow the fur; more dependent on European goods; disappearance of the buffalo; loss of language
Name the two prominent Acts that occurred after the defeat of France and describe what they did.
The Royal Proclamation, 1763:
New France = Quebec, became smaller, interior for FN, British laws and courts replaced French system, civil government, Catholic Church could no longer tithe, Catholics could not sit on the council or hold senior positions in gov't
The Quebec Act, 1774:
Returned to original size, most FN land was taken again, French language rights were recognized, seigneurial system remained, French civil law would be used, Catholic Church got its power to tithe back, freedom of religion – could be in government
positions now