VOCABULARY
The smallest particle of an element; made of electrons, protons, and neutrons.
What is an atom?
A state of matter with definite volume and shape.
What is a solid?
Particles in a substance move further apart.
What happens when thermal energy is added?
The state of matter goes from a gas to a liquid or a liquid to a solid.
What happens when the particles in a substance move closer together?
In a liquid, atoms move more freely than in a solid but less wildly than in a gas. When temperature increases, atoms move faster because their kinetic energy increases. When temperature decreases, the movement slows down as kinetic energy decreases.
What is the movement of atoms in a liquid during a temperature change (both an increase and a decrease)?
A solid material whose atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an ordered pattern.
What is a Crystal?
A number written below and to the right of a chemical symbol that shows the number of a specific type of atom present.
What is a subscript?
Particles in a substance move closer together.
What happens when thermal energy is removed?
The particles in a gas begin to move slower and get closer together when condensed to form a liquid.
Describe the changes in particle motion when a gas condensed to form a liquid.
The heat will move in the direction of the cooler area until it reaches average thermal energy.
If two objects have different temperatures, in which direction will heat move? For how long?
Anything that has volume and mass.
What is matter?
A new substance with unique chemical and physical properties formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded during a chemical reaction.
What is a compound?
The temperature of water rises as it boils.
Describe what happens to the temperature of water as it boils.
The particles in a gas begin to move slower and get closer together when condensed to form a liquid.
What changes in particle motion occur when a gas condensed to form a liquid?
Thermal energy arises from the kinetic energy of atoms or molecules in a substance. Higher temperature means higher average kinetic energy of particles. When a substance is heated, its particles move faster, increasing both thermal energy and temperature.
How are thermal energy, temperature, and kinetic energy are related in a substance?
The simplest unit of a chemical compound that can exist, formed when two or more atoms join together chemically.
What is a molecule?
This has a negative charge.
What is a electron?
Gas particles gain more kinetic energy.
How does adding thermal energy to a gas affect its particles?
Kinetic energy of particles increases from solid to liquid to gas. In a solid, particles vibrate in place with low kinetic energy. In a liquid, they move around more freely with moderate kinetic energy. In a gas, kinetic energy is highest and particles move rapidly and spread out.
What is the relationship between kinetic energy and the states of matter?
This transfer of heat goes through direct touch.
What is conduction?
A single substance, either an element or a compound, with definite composition and properties.
What is a pure substance?
This has a positive charge.
What is a proton?
The molecules slow down and move closer together causing the volume to decrease.
What happens to the volume of a gas when thermal energy is removed?
The substance turns to a liquid.
What happens when the particles in a substance that is solid move further apart?
This type of heat goes through fluids.
What is convection?