Assessing the Arway
What is the most likely cause of an airway obstruction in a supine, unconscious patient?
The Tongue
What is Ventilation?
Mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs.
The partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial system is (Greater than, Equal to, or Less than) the pressure of oxygen in the venous system, in a healthy human.
Greater than.
SpO2 (Saturation Percentage of Oxygen) is simply measuring what?
The percentage of hemoglobin molecules saturated with an oxygen molecule.
A patient with a blood pH of 7.8 or higher woulde be considered to be in respiratory or metabolic __________.
Alkalosis
This simple assessment finding can cause an increased respiratory rate and is characterized by a core body temperature of 100.3 f or higher.
A fever.
What sound is associated with a life-threatening upper airway obstruction?
Stridor
What nerve inervates the diaphragm?
The Phrenic Nerve
The normal rang for the partial pressure of exhaled CO2 is...
Between 35 and 45 mm Hg
The term "SaO2" means what?
Saturation of Arterial Oxygen
A patient with decreased CO2 eilimination due to a respiratory pathology would be in what kind of acidosis?
Respiratory acidosis
What airway problem is characterized by either a partial or complete blockage of the airway?
Airway Obstruction.
What airway sound is caused by asthma or bronchospasm-related conditions like bronchitis and emphysema?
Wheezing.
Pulmonary Respiration is...
Gasses are exchanged between the alveoli and red blood cells.
1 ATM is equal to how many torr?
760 torr
What is "Anemia"?
Too few red blood cells.
A patient with pulmonary edema secondary to Left Heart Failure needs _______ to stent their alveoli open, allowing for more gase exchange to occur.
Pressure, increased pressure.
A patient with a disease pathololgy that keeps them in a constant state of elevated blood CO2 may naturally begin to breathe what type of drive?
Hypoxic drive.
What should you assume about an unconscious patients gag reflex?
That it is absent
The respiratory cycle begins when...
Pressure inside the thoacic cavity equals the atmospheric pressure (or- at the end of expiration)
DAILY DOUBLE
The reason our airways are able to constrict is...
To maintain an appropriate airway pressure relative to ventilation (or some variation of this).
CO2 is transported in the blood in the form of...
Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
DAILY DOUBLE
The body of a patient who is in metabolic acidosis would immediately attempt to compensate for the increased acidosis by doing what?
Increasing respiratory rate and depth (Just rate is fine).
What kind of receptor is located in the lungs that prevents over-expanding of the lungs?
Stretch Receptors
Pursed lips are typically a sign that a patient is subconsciously trying to increase what?
PEEP, Pressure in the airway, diffusion of oxygen.
Cellular Respiration is the...
Exchange of respiratory gasses between red blood cells and the various body tissues.
If you are at Sea Level, and gas levels are normal, what is the pressure in torr of oxygen?
Somewhere around 159.6 torr (0.21*760)
With normal atmospheric pressures and and gas ratios, most of the oxygen in our blood is transported how?
Attached to Hemoglobin.
A patient with a blood pH of 6.9 would be experiencing a shift in what direction of the oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve?
A right shift.
Define "Alveolar Minute Volume".
Alveolar minute volume is the amount of gas that reaches the alveoli for gas exchange in 1 minute (Alveolar Volume x Respiratory Rate).