Module 1: Anthropology and Science
A theory of knowledge, a way of building knowledge about the world.
Epistemology
Catastrophism, the theory that biological change was driven by regional catastrophes that would wipe out species, was developed by ________.
George Cuvier
Type of cell division that creates gametes
Meiosis
aggregate of all genetic material in breeding population
gene pool
The two types of polymorphisms with respect to natural selection.
Balanced and Transient
(stays the same vs changes over time)
The principle of parsimony/the idea that the solution with the fewest number of assumptions is preferable.
Occam's razor
The type of proof of evolution about structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor
Genotype with two different alleles
heterozygous
How common a particular allele is in a population
gene frequency
The heterozygote advantage of sickle cell allele in areas with endemic malaria produces _________.
balanced polymorphism
a falsifiable statement about what kind of evidence would disprove a theory
A hypothesis
Thinker who believed in both the inheritance of acquired characteristics and the Great Chain of Being.
Lamarck
Observed/expressed traits
phenotype
Intergenerational drift and the founder effect are both types of ______
Gene drift
The ability of organisms to change in response to stimuli or inputs from the environment
plasticity (plastic traits)
A big, broad conceptual framework within which to fit a hypothesis
theory/theoretical paradigm
Any factors that promote the net differential reproductive success of individuals
(ie Any conditions that results in individuals with certain traits having more children than individuals without)
Natural Selection
The fact that different codons can code for the same amino acid
redundancy of the genetic code
Migration of alleles between populations
Gene Flow
Gradation in character or gene frequency over geographic distance
Clines
closed logical system framed by initial assumptions
A proof
Genus species naming system created by Carolus Linneaus
Binomial Nomenclature
The first step of protein synthesis
transcription
The conditions that would have to hold to prevent changes in gene pool of a population over time.
Hardy-Weinberg Genetic Equilibrium
when a certain gene variety becomes, in a species or population, the only variety of that gene that remains.
Fixation