1
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
a) predictive validity
b) validity
C) content validity
validity
a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound.
a) intellectual disability
b) autism
c) psychological disorder
intellectual disability
a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.
a) anxiety disorder
b) panic disorder
c) stereotype threat
stereotype threat
deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.
a) intellectual disability
b) autism
c) psychological disorder
psychological disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
a) anxiety disorder
b) panic disorder
c) stereotype threat
panic disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.
a) OCD
b) phobia
c) PTSD
phobia
psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause.
a) Conversion disorder
b) Somatoform disorder
c) Dissociative disorder
Somatoform disorder
a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.
a) delusions
b) bipolar disorder
c) mania
mania
treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.
a) psychotherapy
b) psychoanalysis
c) eclectic approach
psychotherapy
a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth.
a) psychodynamic therapy
b) insight therapy
c) client-centered therapy
client-centered therapy
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy.
a) active listening
b) passive listening
c) responsive listening
active listening
behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid.
a) behavior therapy
b) exposure therapy
c) cognitive therapy
exposure therapy
the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.
a) foot-in-the-door phenomenon
b) peripheral route persuasion
c) fundamental attribution error
fundamental attribution error
attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.
a) central route persuasion
b) peripheral route persuasion
c) social route persuasion
peripheral route persuasion
the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
a) foot-in-the-door phenomenon
b) peripheral route persuasion
c) fundamental attribution error
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.
a) role
b) stereotype
c) ingroup
role
the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting discomfort by changing our attitudes.
a) conformity dissonance theory
b) cognitive dissonance theory
c) social dissonance theory
cognitive dissonance theory
adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
a) conformity
b) social facilitation
c) social loafing
conformity
influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.
a) informational social influence
b) normative social influence
c) subjective social influence
normative social influence
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
a) social loafing
b) deindividuation
c) group polarization
social loafing
the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.
group polarization
the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
group think
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
culture
an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.
prejudice
a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.
stereotype