People
THIS Germanic PEOPLE invaded the Western Roman Empire and eventually sacked Rome in 455 A.D.
Who were the "Vandals"
THIS city-state on the western coast of Italy became the CAPITAL of a vast empire surrounding the entire Mediterranean sea.
What was "Rome"
This two word term describing all dates occurring BEFORE A.D. is abbreviated by the letters B.C.
What is "Before Christ"
Frequent plagues, civil wars, and THESE all caused the Roman Empire to decline and eventually collapse in the west.
What were "invasions"
Independent and sovereign, THESE PLACES often fought one another, but also established relations for trade and allied together- more powerful ones, like Rome, usually received tribute in the form of taxes, slaves, silver, gold, and goods from other lesser ones they conquered.
What are "city-states"
THIS fierce tribal PEOPLE invading from Asia swept into Europe and drove fleeing Germanic tribes into Roman territory.
What are the "Huns"
After defeating THIS powerful CITY-STATE at the end of the Punic Wars, Rome became the dominant power around the Mediterranean Sea.
What is "Carthage"
This two word Latin term describing all dates occurring AFTER B.C. is abbreviated by the letters A.D.
What is "Anno Domini"
The civil wars, plagues, invasions, and economic problems of THIS PERIOD brought the Roman Empire to the brink of collapse in the 200’s A.D.
What was the "Third Century Crisis"
After his, Jesus' followers proclaimed that he had risen from death believed he would return and begin an age of peace, prosperity, and THIS type of BELIEF in only one god.”
What is "monotheism"
Civil war and conflict surrounding the assassination of THIS Roman LEADER in 44 B.C. permanently weakened the constitutional government and the Republic of Rome.
Who was "Julius Caesar"
Emperor Constantine I moved his capital to THIS Greek CITY, formerly called Byzantium, and renamed it after himself.
What is "Constantinople" or "Konstantinopolis"
After the overthrow of the last Etruscan king in 509 B.C., the city-state of Rome established THIS TYPE of elected government.
What is a "republic" or the "Roman Senate"
THIS AMBUSH of Roman soldiers in northern Germania by tribes led by Arminius left three entire legions destroyed.
What is the "Battle of the Teutoburg Forest"
Byzantine emperor Justinian’s most important contribution was THIS organizing of Roman law into a standard system that eventually became the basis for much of the laws of Europe and the West.”
What is "codification" or "to codify" the laws or legal system
Due to a shortage of manpower in the army, Rome resorted to hiring THESE TYPES OF SOLDIERS, which were loyal only to whoever had the money to pay them.
What are "mercenaries"
The Vandals invaded Roman territory that eventually became THIS European COUNTRY.
What is "Spain"
In 313 A.D., THIS DECLARATION issued by emperor Constantine I made Christianity legal throughout the Roman Empire.
What is the "Edict of Milan"
THIS DISAGREEMENT over the use of icons and idols in churches and worship services eventually led to the split of Christianity into Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox.
What is the "Iconoclast Controversy"
As Roman money, or currency, began to lose value, Diocletian issued a price edict in 301 A.D. that set wage and price controls in the Roman Empire to fight THIS economic CONDITION.
What is "inflation"
Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael Cerularius were the two church leaders who officially excluded each other from participation in Christian sacraments and services using THIS ACTION to ban someone from the Church.
What is "excommunication" or "to excommunicate" someone.
During the 3rd Century, Germanic tribes began more aggressively migrating and invading south across THESE TWO major RIVERS in Europe that formed the northern frontier of the Roman Empire.
What are the "Rhine" and the "Danube" rivers
The Western Roman empire finally collapsed when Germanic invaders conquered and sacked the city of Rome itself on THIS DATE.
What is "476 A.D."
The military reforms of THIS Roman LEADER strengthened the Roman army but also had the effect of making soldiers more loyal to their respective generals than to the Republic.
Who was "Marius" or "Gaius Marius"
THIS split or division between strongly opposed sides, caused by differences in belief, occurred in 1054 AD between the Catholic Church in Rome and the Eastern Orthodox Church of the Byzantine Empire.
What is a "schism" or the "Great Schism"