Psychology being investigated & AIM
This term refers to the physical space people prefer to keep between themselves and others
What is interpersonal distance (personal space)?
This type of research method was used to control variables and test cause and effect.
What is a laboratory experiment?
All participants shared this gender characteristic.
What is male?
Experiment 1 measured comfort when this type of figure approached the participant.
What is a friend, stranger, authority figure, or ball?
High-empathy participants preferred to stand this relative distance under oxytocin.
What is closer?
This hormone is associated with bonding and was administered to participants in the study.
What is oxytocin?
In this design feature, neither the participants nor the researchers knew who received oxytocin or placebo.
What is a double-blind design?
Participants were recruited from this location.
What is the University of Haifa in Israel?
In Experiment 1, participants pressed this key to stop the approaching figure.
What is the space bar?
Low-empathy participants responded to oxytocin by doing this.
What is increasing interpersonal distance?
This personality trait influenced how oxytocin affected personal space preferences.
What is empathy?
Participants experienced both oxytocin and placebo conditions, making this part of the design.
What is a repeated-measures design?
This questionnaire was used to measure empathy levels.
What is the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)?
Experiment 2 measured preferred distance between these objects.
What are two chairs?
Oxytocin affected chair distance but not this spatial feature in Experiment 2.
What is chair angle?
This theory explains why oxytocin intensifies existing social tendencies rather than making everyone friendlier.
What is the social salience hypothesis?
Empathy level was classified as high or low without being manipulated, making it this type of variable.
What is a naturally occurring independent variable?
Participants waited this long after nasal spray administration before beginning the task.
What is 45 minutes?
This variable served as a non-social control condition in Experiment 2.
What is the table–plant distance?
Using only male university students limits the study in this way.
What is low generalizability?
According to the study, oxytocin increases sensitivity to this, which then influences social behavior differently across individuals.
What are social tendencies or cues?
The overall design combined independent groups and repeated measures, making it this type of experimental design.
What is a mixed experimental design?
Participants with these empathy scores were excluded to ensure clear group differences.
What is the mid-range empathy group (scores 34–39)?
In Experiment 1, the dependent variable was operationalized as this specific measurement.
What is the percentage of remaining distance between participant and figure?
The overall conclusion showed oxytocin does this rather than making everyone more social.
What is amplifying existing social tendencies?