When is a beta particle spontaneously emitted?
It is emitted in an unstable nucleus, when the ratio of neutrons and protons are higher
what is the process called when something occurs on its own without any outside influence(changes)?
Natural Transmutation
when does Artificial Transmutation occur?
It occurs from bombarding a nucleus with high energy particles. (Not naturally)
slamming a stable nucleus with a particle to cause it to change into something else.
Proton/Alpha particle or uncharged particle(neutron)
where is the decay time for Radioisotopes located in the reference table ?
Table N
What are the uses for Radioisotopes?
They are used in Medicine, Tracers, Radiodating and Lastly Commercial
In your reference table which page shows the types of Radiation?
Table O
What reaction converts an atom of one element to an atom of another element?
A)combustion
B)polymerization
C)Transmutation
D)Saponification
C) Transmutation
How is the equation a example of artificial transmutation?
It contains particles such as Alpha particle and Proton bombarding the nucleus causing it to change
What is a half-life?
It's the amount of time it takes for an 1/2(half) of the atom of a Radioisotopes to decay.
How are Radioisotopes used medically?
they are used in providing information/conditions on a patient's body and since they have a short half-lives they can be quickly eliminated.
Where is the mass and charge located on a particle?
The top number is mass, while the bottom number is the charge (ex. alpha particle = 42 He ---> 4 is mass, 2+ is the charge)
Determine the X in nuclear equation.
42 He / Alpha particle
What is Fission?
(to split up) occurs when a neutron crashes with an atom causing a amount amount of energy to be released in the process.
* heavy nuclei splits causing lighter nuclei
In the reference table what is the Half-Life of 19Ne?
17.222 s
what are some Radioisotopes used in Medicine, and its functions?
Iodine-131 : used in detecting and used during treatment for thyroid disorders
Technitrium-99: used in bone and brain scans
Cobalt-60: used in killing cancerous tumors or Antrax
Which nuclear emission has no charge or mass?
(look on Table O)
Gamma ray with its notation 00 Y
-only notation with zero for mass and charge
When does Natural Transmutation occur?
It occurs when an unstable nucleus decays to produce products more stable by emitting radiation.
(occurs naturally to form a new substance)
What is Fusion?
when smaller atoms(nuclei) combine to make a heavier atom. also release high amount of energy
what Radioisotope undergoes a beta decay and has a half-life of 1.23 s?
potassium-37/ 37K
what is Radiodating? What are some Radioisotopes used in Radiodating?
When organic material(which was previously living) is documented/dated.(Carbon-14)
*measure half life
For inorganic material(non living) is dated Uranium-238 or Phosphorus are used
Between 3 types of radiation(beta particle, gamma ray and alpha particles) which has the lowest to highest penetrating power?
Alpha particle, Beta particle and gamma ray.
what does the X stand for?
a)beta particle
b)neutron
c)alpha particle
Why is Fusion and Fission different from one another?
In Fusion it merges two nuclei to create heavier nuclei(nucleus) while in Fission it may split unstable nucleus causing two light nuclei.
After decaying for 48 hours, 1/16 of the original mass of a radioisotope sample remains unchanged. What is the half-life of this radioisotope?
12 h
What is the commercial use of radioisotopes?
used to test material strength (wing of 747) as well as helping to extend the life of fruits/vegetable and milk.