Policy & the Economy
This part of economic policy is concerned with raising tax revenue to spend on government programs, making taxing and spending its two basic component
What is fiscal policy
This is a tax placed on goods imported to or exported from a country
What is a tariff?
hese are individual freedoms from excessive or unwarranted action by the government, such as freedom of speech or religion
What are civil liberties
This legal concept, meaning "right of the soil," ensures that most people born within the United States are automatically citizens, a policy acknowledged by the Fourteenth Amendment
What is jus soli
The views held by the majority of a community about a specific topic, issue, or event
What is public opinion
This is the part of economic policy concerned with the management of interest rates, inflation, and the money supply, typically carried out by the Federal Reserve
What is monetary policy
President George Washington advocated for this approach to foreign policy in his Farewell Address when he advised the country to "steer clear of permanent alliances"
What is isolationism
This constitutional right requires the government to uphold procedures like adequate notice and a fair opportunity to be heard before depriving a person of life, liberty, or property
What is due process?
To complete this process and become a U.S. citizen, applicants must lawfully reside in the U.S. for a minimum period and demonstrate knowledge of U.S. history and government
What is naturalization
This challenge to the election process involves manipulating electoral district boundaries, which famously resulted in a salamander-like district shape in Massachusetts in 1812
What is gerrymandering
Social Security is an example of this type of government program, whose spending is set in advance and can only be changed by the passage of new laws
What is a mandatory program
This term describes assistance given by one country to another in the form of money, goods, or credit, often used to build political relationships and gain potential allies
What is foreign aid
In this 1966 Supreme Court case, the Court ruled that law enforcement must inform suspects of their Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination before police questioning
What is Miranda v. Arizona
A ballot measure that allows citizens to uphold or overturn existing legislation through a popular vote is known by this term
What is a referendum
This is the specific set of policies supported by a political party that guides elected officials while in office
What is a platform?
This type of market exists where a few producers dominate, such as the American film and TV industry, or when companies produce similar but not identical products, known as monopolistic competition
What is an oligopoly or monopolistic competition?
The "Big Stick" policy and the Roosevelt Corollary exemplify this foreign policy stance, characterized by a country actively forming relationships and becoming involved in other nations' affairs to serve its own interests
What is interventionism
This judicial process applied most rights listed in the Bill of Rights to the states, making them enforceable via the Fourteenth Amendment
What is incorporation
The Twenty-Fourth Amendment eliminated this fee, which Southern states used to prevent poor and African American voters from participating in federal elections
What is a poll tax
This 2013 Supreme Court decision was significant because it struck down key portions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, reducing federal oversight of state elections
What is Shelby County v. Holder
The overarching historical trend in U.S. domestic policy, evidenced by expansion into areas like social welfare and health care, is described by this phrase
What is the expansion of the federal government into more areas of American life?
This is a legal prohibition on doing business or conducting trade with a certain country, such as the one the United States imposed against Cuba
What is an embargo
This landmark 1857 Supreme Court decision ruled that free and enslaved African Americans were not considered citizens and therefore had no rights under the Constitution
What is Dred Scott v. Sandford
This amendment allowed citizens residing in Washington, D.C., to cast ballots in presidential elections and granted them a number of electors
What is the Twenty-Third Amendment
An organization that raises money and distributes funds to political campaigns with the goal of advancing its interests and policy goals is known as this
What is a Political Action Committee (or PAC)