Disease transmission
Give two examples of infection control
possible answers include: handwashing, sterilization, PPE, isolation, etc...
This global event, beginning in late 2019, caused a major setback in life expectancy worldwide
What is the COVID-19 pandemic
This risk factor remains a top global threat despite progress in reducing smoking rates in some regions
obesity
this virus cause the largest life expectancy drop in 70 years
what is covid
This type of care is foundational for detecting outbreaks early and ensuring continuity of services during pandemics
what is primary care
What three components make up the epidemiologic triad?
Agent, host, and environment
This South American country experienced the steepest drop in life expectancy due to COVID-19
What is Peru?
This product, often smoked or chewed, is a leading preventable cause of cancer, heart disease, and death worldwide
What is tobacco?
This major health study tracks global trends in disease, mortality, and risk factors across countries
What is the Global Burden of Disease Study
An epidemic-ready PHC system includes focal point
preparation
________ is one of the biggest successes in public health and have even resulted in eradication of some diseases.
Vaccines
In some countries, early pandemic models incorrectly predicted a sharp increase in this metric for children.
What is child mortality
this metabolic risk factor has increased in prevalence despite mortality reduction
diabetes
how much did life expectancy raise between 1950 and 2021(4 year sdt)
22.7
what is one of the countries mentioned for successful political support for PHC
Thailand (or Costa Rica, Cuba, Sri Lanka)
What is one downside of using antimicrobial drugs to control disease
Antimicrobial resistance, excessive use of these drugs, etc...
Between 2019 and 2021, life expectancy globally dropped by how many years?
What is 1.6 years
substance that is rising in the US increasing mortality
opioids
This region is expected to have sustained population growth until the end of the century
sub-saharan africa
This financing model pays providers per person rather than per service and promotes preventive, team-based care.
what is capitation
What are the two types of disease transmission, and what is the difference?
Direct & indirect
Despite the pandemic, mortality in this age group continued to decline globally
What is children under 5?
These two risk factors are among the top three that must be addressed to improve future life expectancy, along with BMI
What is tobacco and high blood pressure?
In 2021, how many countries had fertility rates below replacement level?
110
This global movement first launched in 1978 and advocated for PHC health equity
Alma-Ata Declaration