Victims
This is a concept often used in criminology to describe a victim who is seen as blameless and worthy of sympathy, typically a woman, child, or the elderly, who is weak and defenseless.
What is the ideal victim?
This term is defined as "the application of science to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system".
What is forensic science?
This term describes the broader issues of justice that concern the outcomes of the trial process, in contrast to procedural issues.
What is substantive justice?
This body is responsible for monitoring compliance with human rights in Australia.
What is the Australian Human Rights Commission?
This term refers to an experience victims might have if forced to produce sensitive testimony, or face their offender.
What is re-traumatisation?
This term refers to expectation applied to jury decision making in referance to the likelihood of a criminal act.
What is 'beyond a reasonable doubt'?
This refers to a police investigation's lack of breadth and depth due to a focus on the ends over the means of investigation, which is a key factor that can lead to miscarriages of justice.
What is 'tunnel vision'?
This is a general term for the minimum standards that states should adhere to, which provide a key protection for individuals against the power of the state.
What are human rights?
Police services across Australia have implemented several victim-oriented reforms over the past two decades, including the use of these police officers to act as a point of contact for victims.
What are Victim Liaison Officers (VLOs) or Victim Contact Officers (VCOs)?
Despite its perceived infallibility, this type of evidence, often used to overturn miscarriages of justice, can still be problematic due to issues with collection, testing, and interpretation.
What is DNA evidence?
This term describes the change in jurors' expectations, where they believe every case can be solved conclusively with scientific evidence.
What is the CSI effect?
This Victorian legislation requires public agencies, including police and other CJS workers, to act consistently with the twenty human rights it outlines.
What is the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006?
This can occur when police or prosecutors make decisions in the "best interests of the state" rather than the victim, such as proceeding to trial in a sexual assault case against the victim's wishes.
What is secondary victimisation?
Experts in a trial must be independent of both the prosecution and defense and must provide this type of testimony to the court.
What is unbiased and objective testimony?
What kind of evidence has been found to be particularly inconsistent?
What is eyewitness testimony.
This concept refers to the capacity of states to abide by and practice their own laws, often used in an international human rights context.
What is sovereignty?