Conjunctivitis
Obesity
ADHD in Adults
Chronic cough
Mastitis
100

   Most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis

Viruses (adenovirus)

100

obesity prevalence in the United States

2021 national health and nutrition examination survey: 41.9%

100

Prevalence of ADHD in the US

14.6% in 2022

100

Definition

Adults: lasting longer than 8 weeks

Children: lasting longer than 4 weeks

100

Risk factors

Overstimulation of milk production (hyperlactation or excessive pumping)

Recent antibiotic use

Nipple shields

Poor infant latch

Wearing tight clothes or bras

200

Most common examination finding in allergic conjuunctivitis

bilateral conjunctival injection

Other findings: mild chemosis, watery discharge, eyelid edema, evidence of venous congestion below the eyes

200

laboratory and diagnostic testing

CBC, CMP, lipid profile, TSH, A1C

200

DSM-5 diagnostic criteria

A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development (sx present for at least 6 months) beginning prior to age 12 years old. Symptoms are present in 2+ settings.

200
Most common causes (5)

UACS

Asthma

Non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis

GERD

Laryngopharyngeal reflux

200

Most common pathogens

Staph and strep

300

Most common pathogens implicated in acute bacterial conjunctivitis (children and adults)

Haemophilus influenzae in children

Staph aureus in adults

300

First line medications for management of obesity

guidelines currently don't specify which medications are first-line, pharmacotherapy should be individualized for each patient

300

Differential diagnoses of ADHD (5)

Anxiety

MDD

Mania/bipolar depression

PTSD

Substance use disorder

300

Nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis treatment

inhaled corticosteroids for at least 2 months

300

Lifestyle and behavioral interventionss

Ice or cold application (vasoconstrict blood vessels)

NSAIDs

Continuing to feed infant (limit pumping)

Avvoid nipple shields

400

First line treatments for allergic conjunctivitis (3)

preservative-free artificial tears

topical antihistamines with mast cell-stabilizing activity

intranasal corticosteroids

400

threshold BMI for consideration of bariatric surgery (american society for metabolic and bariatric surgery)

BMI > 35

BMI > 30 with T2DM

BMI > 30 without substantial weight loss using nonsurgical methods

400

Medications that are used when first line are not tolerated (2)

Non-stimulants: atomoxetine, viloxazine

400
Chronic refractory cough treatment trial
Trial of a neuromodulator, such as gabapentin or amitriptyline should be considered
400

Drug therapy first line

amoxicillin 500 mg 4x/day for 10-14d

cefadroxil 500 mg BID for 10-14d

cephalexin 500 mg 4x/day for 10-14d

dicloxacillin or flucloxacillin 500 mg 4x/day for 10-14d 


500

How long to minimize physical contact with others for viral conjunctivitis

10-14 days from onset of symptoms in the last affected eye

- adenovirus can shed up to 14 days

- avoid touching frace, practice strict handwashing, don't share personal items

500

threshold BMI for starting pharmacotherpay

nonpregnant patients with BMI > 30 

BMI > 27 with any metabolic comorbidities (HTN, T2DM, dyslipidemia)

500

Adverse effects of first line therapy

Insomnia, headaches, elevated. blood pressure, elevated HR, decreased appetite, weight loss, dry mouth, anxiety, depression

500

Red flags for chronic cough for adults

Abnormal findings on exam or chest imaging, dysphagia, hemoptysis, hoarseness, new or worsening cough in > 45yo who smoke, prominent dyspnea, recurrent pna, vomiting, weight loss

500

Drug therapy second line

Clindamycin 300 mg 4x/d for 10-14 days

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole one double strength tablet BID for 10-14 days