Cancer Basics
Cells grow uncontrollably due to loss of this regulatory function
What is loss of growth regulation / cell cycle control?
This virus is strongly linked to cervical cancer
What is HPV?
Definitive test to confirm cancer
What is a biopsy?
This therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells
What is radiation therapy?
Most common side effect of cancer treatment
What is fatigue?
The process by which cancer spreads through blood or lymph
What is metastasis?
The #1 preventable cause of cancer
What is tobacco use?
“T” in TNM refers to this
What is tumor size/extent?
This treatment kills rapidly dividing cells systemically
What is chemotherapy?
This condition increases infection risk due to low neutrophils
What is neutropenia?
These tumors do NOT invade or spread
What are benign tumors?
Chronic infection with this bacterium is linked to gastric cancer
What is Helicobacter pylori?
Cancer spread to distant organs is labeled as this in TNM
What is M1?
This therapy uses the immune system to fight cancer
What is immunotherapy?
Burning at IV site during chemo indicates this emergency
What is extravasation?
This is the first step in carcinogenesis involving DNA mutation
What is initiation?
These inherited mutations increase risk for breast and ovarian cancer
What are BRCA1/BRCA2?
Difference between staging and grading
What is stage = spread, grade = cell appearance?
This type of surgery removes tissue to prevent cancer
What is prophylactic surgery?
Skin, liver, and GI symptoms after transplant suggest this complication
What is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?
This stage involves angiogenesis and metastasis
What is progression?
This category of factors includes diet, obesity, and inactivity
What are lifestyle factors?
This imaging detects metabolic activity and metastasis
What is a PET scan?
This transplant uses the patient’s own stem cells
What is autologous HSCT?
This oncologic emergency occurs from rapid tumor breakdown
What is tumor lysis syndrome?