Heart Anatomy & Physiology
Which layer of the heart is responsible for the pumping action?
What is the myocardium?
Cardiac output equals stroke volume multiplied by this factor.
What is heart rate?
A patient reports chest pain radiating to the jaw and left arm. This symptom is commonly associated with this condition.
What is acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?
The preferred biomarker for myocardial injury is this laboratory test.
What is high-sensitivity cardiac troponin?
A patient on telemetry suddenly reports dizziness. The nurse's priority action is to assess the patient's ________.
What is heart rhythm?
Which chamber has the thickest muscular wall?
What is the left ventricle?
Normal resting cardiac output for an adult is approximately this amount.
What is 4–6 L/min?
The six Ps of acute arterial occlusion include pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, and this.
What is poikilothermia?
This diagnostic test should be obtained within 10 minutes for a patient with suspected ACS.
What is a 12-lead ECG?
A patient scheduled for an exercise stress test should avoid this common stimulant before testing.
What is caffeine?
Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
What is the mitral valve?
The amount of ventricular muscle fiber stretch before contraction is called this.
What is preload?
A sustained decrease of ≥20 mm Hg systolic BP within 3 minutes of standing indicates this condition.
What is orthostatic hypotension?
This noninvasive test uses ultrasound waves to evaluate ejection fraction and valve function.
What is transthoracic echocardiography?
During cardiac catheterization recovery, the nurse should immediately report this finding.
What is bleeding at the access site?
Coronary arteries receive most of their blood flow during this phase of the cardiac cycle.
What is diastole?
Resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood is known as this.
What is afterload?
Normal pulse pressure is approximately this value.
What is 40 mm Hg?
This monitoring device is worn for 24–48 hours to detect intermittent arrhythmias.
What is a Holter monitor?
A BNP level is most commonly used to evaluate this condition.
What is heart failure?
The SA node normally fires at this intrinsic rate.
What is 60–100 beats/min?
A patient with blood loss experiences a decrease in this determinant of stroke volume.
What is preload?
Clubbing of the fingers and toes suggests chronic
What is hemoglobin desaturation (chronic hypoxemia)?
During a transesophageal echocardiogram, the transducer is placed in this structure.
What is the esophagus?
Daily weight monitoring is important because sudden weight gain may indicate this complication.
What is fluid retention/heart failure?