Anatomy & Physiology
This organ stores and concentrates bile between meals.
What is the gallbladder?
The most common type of gallstone formed from excess cholesterol.
What are cholesterol stones?
First-line imaging test for suspected gallstones.
What is ultrasound?
This type of pancreatitis occurs suddenly when enzymes autodigest the pancreas.
What is acute pancreatitis?
Preferred positioning after biliary surgery to promote comfort and lung expansion.
What is Low Fowler position?
Bile is especially important for digestion of this nutrient.
What are fats (lipids)?
Gallstones primarily composed of bilirubin salts.
What are pigment stones?
Endoscopic procedure used to diagnose and remove bile duct stones.
What is ERCP?
Progressive inflammatory pancreatic disorder with fibrosis and irreversible damage.
What is chronic pancreatitis?
Patients remain NPO until these return after surgery.
What are bowel sounds?
This pancreatic function releases digestive enzymes into the duodenum.
What is the exocrine function?
Sudden steady RUQ pain after fatty meals caused by temporary cystic duct obstruction.
What is biliary colic?
Gold-standard minimally invasive surgery for symptomatic gallstones.
What is laparoscopic cholecystectomy?
Most specific lab enzyme elevated in acute pancreatitis.
What is lipase?
Breathing exercise used post-op to prevent atelectasis.
What is deep breathing and coughing (incentive spirometry acceptable)?
This pancreatic hormone lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake.
What is insulin?
Yellowing of skin and sclera indicating bile duct obstruction.
What is jaundice?
Medication used to dissolve small cholesterol gallstones.
What is ursodeoxycholic acid?
Priority diet for acute pancreatitis: high in carbohydrates and low in these two nutrients.
What are protein and fat?
Most common site of pancreatic cancer causing obstructive jaundice.
What is the head of the pancreas?
This hormone raises blood glucose by stimulating release from the liver.
What is glucagon?
Classic gallstone risk factors remembered as Female, Fat, Forty, and this.
What is Fertile?
Shock waves used to break gallstones when surgery is contraindicated.
What is extracorporeal lithotripsy?
Major acute pancreatitis complication involving severe fluid loss and low perfusion.
What is hypovolemic shock?
Surgical procedure that may cure localized pancreatic head cancer.
What is the Whipple procedure (pancreatoduodenectomy)?