WBCs & Infection
Which white blood cell is the primary defense against acute bacterial infections?
Neutrophils
Which allergy test measures allergen-specific IgE antibodies in the blood?
Blood allergy test, such as the radioallergosorbent test (RAST)
What type of immunity develops when a vaccine stimulates the body to produce antibodies?
Active artificial immunity
Which immune cells are primarily targeted and destroyed by HIV?
CD4+ T lymphocytes
Which autoimmune disorder commonly produces a butterfly-shaped rash across the nose and cheeks?
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
What is a total WBC count below 4,000/mm³ called?
Leukopenia
What does a localized wheal-and-flare reaction indicate during skin allergy testing?
A positive reaction to the allergen
What type of immunity occurs when antibodies pass from a mother to her baby through the placenta or breast milk?
Passive natural immunity
A CD4+ count below what level is consistent with Stage 3 HIV, or AIDS?
Below 200 cells/mm³
Which disorder causes severe pain, redness, warmth, and swelling in the great toe because of uric acid crystals?
Gout
What term describes an increase in immature neutrophils during an acute infection?
Left shift
Which two medication groups may need to be withheld before skin allergy testing?
Antihistamines and corticosteroids
Which two live vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy?
MMR and varicella vaccines
Which laboratory test measures the amount of HIV circulating in the blood?
HIV RNA quantification, or HIV viral load test
Which chronic autoimmune disease affects joints bilaterally and symmetrically?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Which laboratory value is calculated using the total WBC count, neutrophil percentage, and band percentage?
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)
Which positive control is used during skin allergy testing to produce an expected reaction
Histamine
Which vaccine should be administered during every pregnancy between 27 and 36 weeks?
Tdap vaccine
What can develop when a client repeatedly misses doses of antiretroviral medications?
HIV medication resistance
Which medication used for lupus requires regular eye examinations because of possible retinal toxicity?
Hydroxychloroquine
Neutropenic precautions are essential when the ANC falls below what level?
1,000/mm³
Which allergy-testing method carries a higher risk of a hypersensitivity reaction?
Intradermal testing
Which vaccine is recommended annually and has an inactivated form approved during pregnancy?
Influenza vaccine
Which opportunistic fungal infection commonly causes pneumonia in clients with AIDS?
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Which laboratory finding is highly specific for systemic lupus erythematosus?
Positive anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, or anti-dsDNA