Biochemistry
This two-carbon molecule, acting as a competitive inhibitor or alcohol dehydrogenase, has been used to treat methanol poisoning.
What is ethanol?
Night blindness and xerosis are the dominant symptoms of this vitamin deficiency.
What is vitamin A?
Proto-oncogenes are converted into oncogenes by this type of mutation.
What is a gain-of-function mutation?
The network of thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smallest arteries (arterioles) and the smallest veins (venules).
What are capillaries?
Provides information about heart rate, heart rhythm, and the electrical condition of heart tissue; it suggests what mechanical events are occurring, but does not give any direct information about force of contraction.
What is an ECG?
This four-carbon energy storage molecule requires the utilization of 3 acetyl CoA and HMG-CoA lyase for its synthesis.
What are ketone bodies?
Magenta tongue, angular stomatitis, and cheilosis are associated with this vitamin deficiency.
What is riboflavin?
A defect in fibrillin synthesis is associated with this condition.
What is Marfan syndrome?
The scientific name for a red blood cell.
What is an erythrocyte?
A hormone that promotes synthesis of fatty acids in the liver, inhibits breakdown of fat in adipose tissue, and decreases the concentration of glucose in blood.
What is Insulin?
This multienzyme complex is required for the synthesis of fatty acids.
What is fatty acid synthetase?
Alcohol abuse is associated with a vitamin deficiency that leads to CNS symptoms, including horizontal nystagmus, cerebellar ataxia, and confabulatory psychosis, which are hallmarks of this syndrome.
What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
Inflammatory infiltrates during the first 24 h following an injury are dominated by this cell type.
What are neutrophils?
The number of bones that make up the adult skeletal system.
What is 206 bones?
A regulatory protein in skeletal and cardiac muscle that reversibly binds Ca++ ions.
What is troponin?
This three-armed transporter of fatty acids is derived from phosphatidic acid.
What is triglyceride?
This disease was common in the early-to-mid 1800s among British sailors at sea for lengthy periods of time and shown to be due to a vitamin contained in citrus fruits.
What is scurvy?
Elevation of this enzyme is the most sensitive biomarker of acute pancreatitis?
What is lipase?
The impulse-conducting cells of the brain, nervous system and spine.
What are neurons?
These are detectors of pain.
What are Nociceptors?
During the process of gluconeogenesis, this TCA cycle intermediate exits the mitochondria, before being converted into oxaloacetate.
What is malate?
Insufficient energy intake is associated with a starved appearance and a weight < 80% of expected for height in this form of malnutrition.
What is marasmus?
Courvoisier sign results from obstruction of this duct in patients with pancreatic cancer.
What is the common bile duct?
The watery fluid that prepares food for swallowing and initiates the process of digestion.
What is saliva?
Swollen lymph nodes is the direct result of aggregation of this type of cell.
What is white blood cell?