Well, That Happened.
Which sport's growing popularity brought attention to steroid use?
What is body-building?
This negative effect of anabolic steroid use, sometimes seen in male athletes, causes the development of breast tissue due to hormonal imbalances.
What is gynecomastia?
AAS can modulate this inhibitory neurotransmitter’s receptors, potentially contributing to mood changes like aggression or anxiety.
What is GABA?
This cyclist, once celebrated for seven consecutive Tour de France victories, was stripped of his titles in 2012 after a doping scandal
Who is Lance Armstrong?
This common AAS delivery method, using compounds like testosterone enanthate, bypasses the liver but carries risks of infection.
What is intramuscular injection?
In 2003, this sport began mandatory steroid testing, revealing widespread use during its so-called “Steroid Era.”
What is Major League Baseball?
This informally-termed psychological effect, often reported by steroid users, manifests as extreme irritability and aggressive behavior?
What is "roid rage"?
AAS may indirectly affect this excitatory neurotransmitter’s signaling, influencing neural excitability and cognitive effects.
What is glutamate?
This MLB player, known for hitting 762 career home runs, faced controversy due to alleged steroid use during his record-breaking 2001 season.
Who is Barry Bonds?
This practice involves using AAS for a set period, followed by a break, to maximize gains and minimize side effects like hormonal suppression.
What is cycling?
This country’s weightlifting team dominated the 1954 World Weightlifting Championships held in Vienna, winning the overall team title.
What is the Soviet Union (or Russia)?
Cognitive impairment from prolonged steroid use can affect a user’s ability to focus or recall information due to hormonal disruptions in this part of the brain.
What is the hippocampus?
AAS bind to these intracellular proteins, which translocate to the nucleus to regulate gene expression and promote protein synthesis.
What are androgen receptors (ARs)?
This MLB slugger, who hit 70 home runs in 1998, later admitted to using performance-enhancing drugs during his career.
Who is Mark McGwire?
This AAS strategy involves combining multiple steroids, such as testosterone and trenbolone, to enhance effects but increases health risks.
What is stacking?
During this geopolitical rivalry, the Soviet Union’s use of testosterone in sports like weightlifting prompted the U.S. to develop Dianabol, escalating steroid use in athletics.
What is the Cold War?
This physiological effect of anabolic steroid use can lead to elevated blood pressure and increased risk of heart disease due to thickened arterial walls.
What is hypertension?
These chaperone proteins stabilize unbound androgen receptors in the cytoplasm, dissociating when AAS bind to allow receptor activation.
What are heat shock proteins (HSPs)?
This Canadian sprinter, who won the 100-meter gold at the 1988 Seoul Olympics, was stripped of his medal after testing positive for anabolic steroids.
Who is Ben Johnson?
This is the name for the brain-related harm leading to cognitive deficits and mood disorders due to altered neurotransmitter systems after chronic AAS use.
Neurotoxicity
This 1990 U.S. legislation amended the Controlled Substances Act to classify anabolic steroids as Schedule III drugs, imposing stricter regulations due to their abuse in sports.
What is the Anabolic Steroids Control Act (ASCA)?
This cognitive side effect of steroid use can impair a user’s ability to make sound judgments, often leading to risky behaviors.
What is reduced impulse control?
(enhanced impulsivity; behavioral disinhibition?)
After AAS bind to ARs, the complex binds to these DNA sequences to initiate transcription of genes involved in muscle growth.
What are androgen response elements (AREs)?
This Argentine soccer legend, known for his "Hand of God" goal, was expelled from the 1994 World Cup after testing positive for ephedrine.
Who is Diego Maradona?
This class of medications is commonly used in post-cycle therapy to stimulate natural testosterone production after AAS use.
Hormonal Restoration Medication/ Therapy?