Important Dates and Laws
a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal
What is Plessy Vs. Ferguson
was a former slave who gained his freedom by boxing
Who is Tom Molineaux?
black boxer who wanted to prove he was the best so finally was allowed to fight Tommy Burns; knocked Burns out, angered many Americans; Beat Jeffries next; arrested for taking girls illegally out of country
the changing of rules to maintain control over black athletes i.e. Taking away rights, diluting access, making sports rules different so blacks cannot use their superior athleticism.
What was the Jockey Syndrome?
amazing black tennis player; people were uncomfortable with her joining tennis association - restricted her to; with help from Alice Marble, she was first black to compete in US Championship; she lost, but opened the door for other black athletes; first black to win Wimbledon
Who was Althea Gibson?
law that banned discrimination in public facilities and transportation
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1875?
Amazing jockey and challenged by Snapper Garrison
Who was Isaac Murphy?
athlete, actor; Rutgers University academic scholarship, 1 of 2 black players on football team; gained respect of teammates and Coach Collard; black athlete, scholar, actor, and activist
Who was Paul Robeson?
formed in 1896 and did not allow blacks
What was the Jockey Club?
white ally that helped Althea Gibson fight to be allowed to play in US Tennis Championship
Who was Alice Marble?
1863-1954
What is the Period of Segregation
Founder of the Negro National Baseball League
black track star; America's hope for 1936 Olympic glory; won multiple golds, challenged Hitler's racial theories; had all Americans rallying around him to come together
Who was Jesse Owens?
my behavior brings about behavior expected towards me
What was Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?
black golfer that wanted to prove he should be allowed to play; Jackie Robinson wrote a letter on his behalf; approved to play in 1959
Who was Charlie Siffer?
1954-1968
What is the Period of Integration?
1st professional MLB player
Played for 5 years
Who was Moses Fleetwood Walker?
Had to sign contract to dictate behavior; couldn't respond to behavior towards him for 3 years; became 1st baseman for Brooklyn Dodgers; first black to play in MLB modern era
Jackie Robinson
thinking "all or nothing" or "black and white"
What was Dichotomous Thinking?
Led Celtics to championship; struggled with racism; believed he was accepted only because he was a talented athlete
Who was Bill Russell?
strikes down segregation as unconstitutional.
1st African American to win the world 1 mile track cycling championship
Who was Marshall Taylor?
controversial dominant boxer; declined getting drafted to go to war
Who was Mohammond Ali?
whites have larger skulls, assume intelligence
What was Broca's Craniometic Measurements?
1st black basketball player at LSU; LSU bribed his dad with money for him not to come, then recruited ____ to play
Who was Collis Temple?