Philosophical Underpinnings
The father of behavior analysis
Who is B.F. Skinner
Phaedrus' best friend laughs every time she picks her nose. Phaedrus's nose picking increases when she is near her best friend. Nose picking is an example of what type of behavior?
What is operant behavior?
An example of this type of data would be seeing a completed worksheet on Roland's desk and inferring that he had independently finished his homework.
What is outcome or product measurement?
This is the most common form of graph used by behavior analysts.
What is a line graph?
What is an independent variable?
According to Baer, Wolf, & Risley: Generalizable, Effective, Technological, Applied, Conceptual, Analysis, Behavioral are what?
What are the 7 dimensions of ABA?
Toby usually forgets to feed his cat until she meows and annoys him. The cat meow is exerting what over Toby's feeding behavior?
What is stimulus control?
What is rate?
You may want to consider this type of graph if you wanted to measure the relationship between challenging behavior & time of day.
What is a scatterplot graph?
If you were working with 3 clients who all needed to acquire the same skill and would likely benefit from the same intervention, this could be an effective experimental design to use.
What is multiple baseline?
This exists when a well-controlled experiment demonstrates that a specific change in one event is reliably produced by specific manipulation of another event AND that the change was unlikely to be the result of other factors.
What is a functional relation.
This is the basic unit of analysis when measuring operant behavior AND is the more scientific name for the ABCs of behavior.
What is the 3-term contingency?
Uliana uses this type of measurement system when she sets a time to measure how long it takes for her client to start cleaning when instructed "Pick up your room."
What is latency?
Jelica inserted one of these into her client's graphs after he started taking a new medication for sleep.
What is a phase or condition change line?
Allie is working with a client to stop smoking. Since it would be undesirable to go back to higher levels of smoking after she has reduced the # of cigarettes she uses per day, this experimental design should be avoided.
What is a reversal design? Judges will also accept changing criterion.
Behavior Analysts would agree with this philosophy that suggests that the universe is a lawful & orderly place.
What is determinism
Your friend, Sonnie, does not like spicy food. When you take her out to sushi (her first time), you warn her not to use wasabi because it is so hot. She does not eat the wasabi even though she has never tasted it before. What type of behavior is exemplified by Sonnie?
What is rule governed behavior?
A rating scale indicating something like: "Level 1: tantrums for less than 30 minutes, no other behaviors; Level 2: tantrums for less than 30 minutes, with aggression &/or property destruction; Level 3: tantrums for over 30 minutes with aggression &/or property destruction" is likely trying to measure this.
What is the magnitude of behavior?
Leonard was unimpressed by a graph showing a client had gotten 100% correct responding on MWF because he had also exhibited less than 30% correct responding on Tues/Thurs. The graph demonstrated high ________.
What is variability?
Savva implemented a treatment package consisting of DRO, prompt fading, and shaping procedures to increase mands. After manding was at an acceptable rate, Savva utilized this type of analysis by systematically removing elements of the treatment package & measuring how the removal influenced rate of manding.
What is a component analysis?
An example of this type of statement would be "Molly hits her brother because she is aggressive."
What is explanatory fiction.
Pavlov ultimately stopped providing food when he rang the bell. Overtime, the dog stopped salivating at the ring tone. This is an example of what?
What is respondent extinction?
Using indirect methods to measure behavior - - such as asking a parent to rate her child's social skills exemplifies this threat to measurement.
What is validity?
Malcom's data indicated a steep one of these when he went from 0 mands/hour to 50 mands/hour in just 3 days!
What is trend?
Ben implemented an intervention to address picky eating at the same time his client's parents put him on a new medicine that increased hunger. The client ate many new foods & Ben determined his intervention was a success. Ben may have made this type of error in his interpretation.
Type I (false positive)